Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) of Blood Donors for HCV and HIV

NCT ID: NCT00004846

Last Updated: 2008-03-04

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 30000 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 1999-12-31
• Study Completion Date: 2002-10-31

Brief Summary

This study will evaluate the accuracy of an experimental test method called nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) in detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This test amplifies the nucleic acid in a virus more than a million-fold, allowing early detection of minute quantities of virus in the blood.

Blood donors to the National Institutes of Health's Department of Transfusion Medicine (blood bank) will have their blood screened with transcription mediated amplification, a type of NAT test. Donors whose blood is found positive for HIV or HCV by NAT testing will be notified and asked to participate in this study. Those who agree will provide a blood sample about once a week for 3 months. The samples will be tested with additional assays to detect evidence of HIV or HCV infection. If the test results are confirmed positive, no more blood samples will be collected. The results of the tests and their significance will be explained to participants.

It is anticipated that NAT screening will reduce the risk of transfusion-related HIV transmission from the current 1 in 650,000 to 1 in a million and the risk of HCV transmission from the current 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 350,000. It is possible that these tests will completely eliminate the risk of transmitting these diseases through blood transfusion.

Detailed Description

In order to narrow the infectious period (window) between the time of viral exposure and the time a virus can be serologically detected, blood centers throughout the United States are implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV. Early studies have shown that NAT testing can significantly narrow the infectious window, particularly for HCV. There is the potential that NAT testing could completely eradicate the transfusion risk of HIV and HCV. The test is thus likely to add substantially to the safety of blood transfusions and, although not licensed, has been implemented by all blood suppliers and transfusion services in the United States. NAT testing is currently being used under an IND mechanism. The IND stipulates that blood donors need to be informed through a supplemental information packet that such testing is being performed and that if found positive they may be recalled for additional testing. At the time of recall, an IRB approved study-specific informed consent is administered and additional tests are performed to verify the initial NAT result. The Department of Transfusion medicine is participating in this national validation of NAT testing and will provide donor samples for centralized testing and statistical reporting to FDA. The potential benefits of this testing for blood safety are great and the risk to donors is considered minimal. Not seeking subjects for enrollment.

Conditions

Hepatitis C; HIV Infection

Interventions

ABC/Gen-Probe/Chiron HIV-1/HCV 001

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Only potential donors who exclude themselves from the donation process will be excluded from the study.

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Locations

Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center (CC)

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Countries

United States

References

Yerly S, Pedrocchi M, Perrin L. The use of polymerase chain reaction in plasma pools for the concomitant detection of hepatitis C virus and HIV type 1 RNA. Transfusion. 1998 Oct;38(10):908-14. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440854.x.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9767740 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

00-CC-0048

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

000048

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id