Treatment and Natural History Study of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

NCT ID: NCT00001379

Last Updated: 2025-06-19

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

94 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1995-05-05

Study Completion Date

2025-01-17

Brief Summary

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This study will evaluate the response and long-term effects of alpha-interferon in patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). The disease causes proliferation of destructive cells involving the lungs, skin, kidneys, and central nervous system.

Patients ages 12 and older who have LYG and who are not pregnant, or breast feeding may be eligible for this study. Alpha interferon or chemotherapy, or both, will be used. Alpha interferon is a protein the body naturally produces. If patients have grade 3 disease, they will usually receive etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (EPOCH)-rituximab (EPOCH-R) chemotherapy (each letter representing a drug). If patients have grade 1 or 2 disease, they will usually receive alpha interferon. If patients have LYG after receiving alpha interferon and/or EPOCH-R, they may receive rituximab alone or with alpha interferon. Rituximab is an antibody, binding to a specific molecule cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) present on most B-cell lymphomas. Doses of several drugs in EPOCH-R may be increased if patients tolerated them in the previous cycle. If patients respond to EPOCH-R but still have low grade LYG, they may receive alpha interferon. Researchers will also try to obtain a biopsy of patient's lesions, to help in understanding the disease.

Patients self-administer alpha interferon by injection under the skin three times weekly. They will visit the clinic every 2 to 12 weeks for follow-up. Patients will receive alpha interferon for 1 year after LYG goes away, depending on response. EPOCH-R has these drugs: rituximab by vein on Day 1; prednisone by mouth on Days 1 to 5; etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine as a continuous intravenous infusion on Days 1 to 5; and cyclophosphamide by intravenous injection over 1 hour on Day 5. Each cycle lasts 3 weeks: 5 days of chemotherapy and 16 days of no chemotherapy. Etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine are infused through a small pump worn by patients. The drugs are given over 5 days through a central intravenous catheter. There are two cycles of EPOCH-R beyond a maximum response, with six cycles maximum. To reduce harm to bone marrow, patients receive granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), self-administered by injection under the skin daily for approximately 10 days between chemotherapy cycles. If at the end of therapy, patients have a complete response, treatment will stop. If there is residual low-grade disease, patients may receive alpha interferon. Alpha interferon can have flu-like side effects of headache, fever, chills, and body aches. EPOCH-R drugs can cause gastrointestinal problems, hair loss, and weakness. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can cause bone pain, body aches, and hair thinning. Chemotherapy can cause some patients to develop leukemia.

This study may or may not have a direct benefit for participants. It is not certain whether the new therapy will help decrease tumors. However, knowledge gained may improve the understanding of and treatment for LYG.

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Detailed Description

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BACKGROUND:

* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is an angiocentric destructive proliferation of lymphoid cells predominantly involving the lungs, skin, kidneys, and central nervous system.
* It is divided into three grades, depending on the degree of necrosis and cellular atypia. The grades of disease are histologically based and do not necessarily correlate with clinical outcome. However, like other Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD's), LYG can transform into an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma, which would be included within the grade 3 category. It is important to note that not all grade 3 lesions are a large B-cell lymphoma.
* Current evidence shows that LYG is a disease of B cells.

OBJECTIVES:

* To determine the response and long-term efficacy of alpha-Interferon in patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG).
* To determine the response and long-term efficacy of dose-adjusted (DA)-etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin rituximab (EPOCH-R) chemotherapy in patients with grade 3 LYG or in patients who have failed interferon.

ELIGIBILITY:

* Patients must have a tissue diagnosis of grade 1, 2 and/or 3 LYG (or a diagnosis consistent with LYG) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI).
* Patients with any stage of disease will be eligible.
* Previously untreated and treated patients are eligible.
* Patients aged 12 or older will be eligible.

DESIGN:

* Interferon is used as initial treatment in patients with grades 1 and 2 LYG. Patients will receive interferon for one year past complete remission (CR).
* Patients who progress after or during interferon, and patients with grade 3 LYG will receive aggressive combination chemotherapy with DA-EPOCH-R (rituximab, etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisone).
* Patients who fail one treatment approach may be crossed over to the other.
* A total of 105 patients will be enrolled at this single institution.

Conditions

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Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Granulomatosis, Lymphomatoid Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Lymphoproliferative Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm 1-Interferon

Interferon starting at 7.5 million Units subcutaneous (subQ) 3 times a week and increasing on the designated schedule, as tolerated. Patients continue taking interferon for 1 year beyond complete remission (CR). Patients who progress may crossover to receive etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (EPOCH-R).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Interferon

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

For lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) Grade 1 and 2: Interferon starting at 7.5 million Units subcutaneous (subQ) 3 times a week and increasing on the following schedule: 10 million U; 15 million U; 20 million U; 25 million U; and increased in 5 million U increments, as tolerated. Patients continue taking interferon for 1 year beyond complete remission (CR).

Tumor biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline (optional).

Bone marrow biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline.

Bone marrow aspirate

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Baseline.

Lumber puncture

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline.

CT

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years. Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years.

Brain MRI

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease only).

Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with CNS disease only).

Echocardiogram

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

For participants receiving \> 450 mg/m\^2 doxorubicin.

FDG-PET

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: Baseline and following completion of interferon. Arm 2: Baseline and following completion of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R).

Arm 2-Etoposide, Prednisone, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin & Rituximab (EPOCH-R)

Etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (EPOCH-R) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, based on response. Participants who relapse or progress may crossover to receive interferon.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Rituxan and EPOCH

Intervention Type DRUG

For lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) Grade 3: EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles.

Tumor biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline (optional).

Bone marrow biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline.

Bone marrow aspirate

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Baseline.

Lumber puncture

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Baseline.

CT

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years. Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years.

Brain MRI

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease only).

Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with CNS disease only).

Echocardiogram

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

For participants receiving \> 450 mg/m\^2 doxorubicin.

FDG-PET

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Arm 1: Baseline and following completion of interferon. Arm 2: Baseline and following completion of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R).

Interventions

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Interferon

For lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) Grade 1 and 2: Interferon starting at 7.5 million Units subcutaneous (subQ) 3 times a week and increasing on the following schedule: 10 million U; 15 million U; 20 million U; 25 million U; and increased in 5 million U increments, as tolerated. Patients continue taking interferon for 1 year beyond complete remission (CR).

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Rituxan and EPOCH

For lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) Grade 3: EPOCH-R (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles.

Intervention Type DRUG

Tumor biopsy

Baseline (optional).

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Bone marrow biopsy

Baseline.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Bone marrow aspirate

Baseline.

Intervention Type BIOLOGICAL

Lumber puncture

Baseline.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

CT

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years. Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Brain MRI

Arm 1: At baseline, then every 4 weeks until on stable dose of interferon or a maximum of 6 monthly scans, then every 3 months while receiving interferon, and following completion of interferon. In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease only).

Arm 2: At baseline, following cycle 4, and following cycle 6 of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R). In surveillance, every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 1 year and yearly thereafter for 2 years (patients with CNS disease only).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Echocardiogram

For participants receiving \> 450 mg/m\^2 doxorubicin.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

FDG-PET

Arm 1: Baseline and following completion of interferon. Arm 2: Baseline and following completion of etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Other Intervention Names

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IFN Rituximab etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, rituximab Tumor bx BM biopsy BM aspirate LP Computed tomography Brain magnetic resonance imaging Echo Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Patients must have a tissue-diagnosis of grade 1, 2 and/or 3 lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) (or a diagnosis consistent with LYG) confirmed by the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI). Final histopathologic classification and pathologic grade will be determined by Stephania Pittaluga, medical doctor (M.D.) or her designee.

Patients with any stage of disease will be eligible.

Previously untreated and treated patients are eligible.

Patients aged 12 or older will be eligible.

Exclusion Criteria

Patients with a history of coronary artery disease with angina pectoris, or a history of congestive heart failure will not be eligible to receive. etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) chemotherapy.

Patients with significant renal (serum creatinine (Cr.) greater than 1.5 mg/dl or creatinine clearance less than 40 cc/min) or hepatic (bilirubin greater than 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) dysfunction not due to tumor involvement will not be eligible to receive DA-EPOCH-R chemotherapy.

Informed consent must be obtained.

Patients who in the opinion of the principal investigator are poor psychiatric or medical risk are not eligible.

Patients who received \> 450 mg/m\^2 doxorubicin and have a cardiac ejection fraction on echocardiogram less than or equal to 40% on protocol entry are not eligible to received DA-EPOCH-R.

Patients with prior hepatitis B exposure may be included in the study provided that they have hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels below the World Health Organizations cutoff of 100 IU/mL prior to starting therapy.
Minimum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Christopher Melani, MD

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Christopher J Melani, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Locations

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National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Melani C, Dowdell K, Pittaluga S, Dunleavy K, Roschewski M, Song JY, Calattini S, Kawada JI, Price DA, Chattopadhyay PK, Roederer M, Lucas AN, Steinberg SM, Jaffe ES, Cohen JI, Wilson WH. Interferon alfa-2b in patients with low-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis and chemotherapy with DA-EPOCH-R in patients with high-grade lymphomatoid granulomatosis: an open-label, single-centre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2023 May;10(5):e346-e358. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(23)00029-7. Epub 2023 Mar 31.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37011643 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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94-C-0074

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

940074

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

NCT00018993

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: nct_alias

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