Brief Contextual-Behavioral vs Twelve-Step Intervention for Emotion Regulation in Substance Use: Pilot Study

NCT ID: NCT07337733

Last Updated: 2026-01-13

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 36 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-06-18
• Study Completion Date: 2025-11-26

Brief Summary

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief behavioral-contextual intervention delivered through 11 weekly individual sessions (45 minutes each) to improve emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and psychological flexibility among adults undergoing residential rehabilitation for problematic substance use in a Mexican therapeutic community. The intervention combined functional analysis, Dialectical Behavior Therapy strategies adapted for substance use disorders, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy techniques. Participants received structured materials, including a session manual, mindfulness audio recordings, worksheets, and adapted behavioral monitoring tools.

A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with matched allocation was used. The Treatment Group (n = 19) received the structured intervention, while the Comparison Group (n = 17) received usual residential care based on a 12-step model. Primary assessments were administered at baseline and seven weeks after baseline. Primary outcome measures included changes in total scores on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS). Secondary outcomes included psychological flexibility (AAQ-II), emotion regulation strategies (ERQ reappraisal and suppression subscales), and behavioral indicators such as craving logs and engagement in value-consistent activities.

Procedures to ensure implementation fidelity included a standardized intervention manual, periodic clinical supervision, and consistent documentation using structured forms. Due to practical constraints and a moderate sample size, the statistical plan relied on robust analytical strategies, including nonparametric tests, permutation-based ANCOVA, and bootstrap estimation to evaluate effect sizes and sensitivity. All participants provided written informed consent, and the protocol was approved by an institutional ethics committee. Individual-level data will not be publicly shared due to confidentiality requirements; methodological materials and analytic scripts may be made available upon request and under confidentiality agreement.

Detailed Description

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral-contextual intervention, delivered in 11 weekly individual sessions (45 min each), aimed at improving emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and psychological flexibility among adults in residential rehabilitation for problematic substance use in a Mexican therapeutic community. The protocol combined functional analysis, DBT (SUD adaptations) and ACT techniques, practice materials (mindfulness audios, worksheets) and an adapted behavioral monitoring system. The design was quasi-experimental pre-post with a Treatment Group (TG; n = 19) and a Comparison Group (CG; n = 17) receiving usual care (12-step program). Primary measures were DERS, DTS, ERQ and AAQ-II administered at baseline and 7 weeks post-baseline. Implementation fidelity was supported by a manual, monthly supervision and standardized records. Analyses used robust methods (nonparametric tests, permutational ANCOVA, bootstrap, robust estimators).

Conditions

Substance Use Disorders; Drug Use Disorder; Alcohol Use Disorder; Emotional Dysregulation; Distress Intolerance

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Behavioral-Contextual Emotion Regulation Program (BCERP)

Individual intervention comprising 11 weekly sessions (45 minutes each). The intervention combines functional ABC analysis, attentional focus training, crisis management skills (STOP protocol), distress tolerance training (DBT-SUD), mindfulness practices with behavioral anchoring, ACT techniques to enhance psychological flexibility, and consolidation exercises with relapse prevention.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Behavioral-Contextual Emotion Regulation Program (BCERP)

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

The Behavioral-Contextual Emotion Regulation Program (BCERP) is a structured emotional regulation skills training intervention based on Applied Behavior Analysis principles and adapted to a therapeutic community setting for individuals undergoing substance use rehabilitation. Unlike interventions focused solely on psychoeducation, BCERP integrates intensive skills practice, gradual exposure to high-distress situations, and real-time feedback provided by trained therapists. The program includes modules on distress tolerance, behavioral restructuring, functional identification of emotions, and the strengthening of alternative, non-substance-related behaviors. BCERP is distinguished by its emphasis on continuous supervision, the use of contextual therapeutic language, and systematic progress monitoring through weekly behavioral indicators.

Standard Residential Treatment Based on the Twelve-Step Facilitation Model

Standard therapeutic community residential program based on the 12-step model, without the structured sessions of the experimental protocol. Pre- and post-assessments applied at the same time points as the Treatment Group (TG).

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Behavioral-Contextual Emotion Regulation Program (BCERP)

The Behavioral-Contextual Emotion Regulation Program (BCERP) is a structured emotional regulation skills training intervention based on Applied Behavior Analysis principles and adapted to a therapeutic community setting for individuals undergoing substance use rehabilitation. Unlike interventions focused solely on psychoeducation, BCERP integrates intensive skills practice, gradual exposure to high-distress situations, and real-time feedback provided by trained therapists. The program includes modules on distress tolerance, behavioral restructuring, functional identification of emotions, and the strengthening of alternative, non-substance-related behaviors. BCERP is distinguished by its emphasis on continuous supervision, the use of contextual therapeutic language, and systematic progress monitoring through weekly behavioral indicators.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

Behavioral-Contextual Intervention for Emotional Regulation in Addictive Behaviors; BCERP for Substance Use Rehabilitation

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Resident of the participating therapeutic community undergoing treatment for problematic substance use or alcohol.
• Capacity to provide informed consent and complete self-report assessments.

Exclusion Criteria

• Active psychosis or unstable psychiatric comorbidity that precludes participation.
• Severe cognitive impairment preventing participation.
• Refusal to participate or unavailability to complete baseline and post assessments.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 68 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Lauro Gutiérrez Castro

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Lauro Gutiérrez Castro

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Lauro Gutiérrez Castro

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Comunidad Terapéutica Under The Tree

Locations

Comunidad Terapéutica Under The Tree

Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico

Countries

Mexico

Other Identifiers

UTT-PSI-MEX-BERA-001-2024

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id