Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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NOT_YET_RECRUITING
NA
250 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2026-01-31
2028-09-30
Brief Summary
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Researchers will compare three groups: a full intervention arm that receives microbiome reports, coaching, personalized recommendations, and educational materials; a limited intervention arm that receives simplified reports and basic recommendations; and a control arm that receives no results until study completion. This design allows evaluation of both a comprehensive intervention and a more scalable, minimal-results model.
Participants will:
1. Provide six microbiome stool samples over a 24-month period.
2. Provide additional small stool samples at two timepoints for exploratory metabolomic analysis.
3. Receive microbiome reports and guidance according to their assigned study arm.
4. Complete surveys on infant health history, symptoms, diet, and environmental exposures.
5. Participate in standardized eczema assessment(s) administered by a Nurse Practitioner and evaluated by a Pediatric Allergy Specialist if any symptoms are reported.
This study seeks to demonstrate that targeted microbiome support can positively shift gut microbial development in C-section infants and may reduce risks linked to the early stages of the atopic march. Findings may inform scalable strategies for delivering microbiome-based support in early life and improve long-term health outcomes for this high-risk population.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
NONE
Study Groups
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Full Intervention
Participants in the full intervention arm will receive interactive microbiome reports, coaching, personalized recommendations, and educational materials throughout the length of the study.
Tailored Recommendations
Recommendations are tailored to the infant's microbiome composition, functional gene profiles (e.g., HMO digestion and SCFA production pathways), age, feeding method, and reported symptoms.
Guidance may include evidence-based suggestions related to probiotic use, prebiotic intake, and age-appropriate nutritional strategies intended to support healthy gut microbiome development. All recommendations are educational in nature, optional, and provided for consideration by parents or caregivers. No supplements are provided directly as part of the study, and no supplementation is required for study participation.
Recommendations are updated over time as new microbiome data are collected and are delivered according to study arm assignment. The full intervention arm receives comprehensive, personalized recommendations with interpretive support, while the limited intervention arm receives probiotic recommendations only designed to model a scalable laboratory-developed test (LDT)-style approach.
Consult Call
Participants assigned to the full intervention arm will receive scheduled consult calls with a trained microbiome specialist as part of the study intervention. These are conducted remotely and are designed to support participant understanding of microbiome reports, review educational content, and discuss microbiome-informed recommendations in the context of the infant's age, feeding practices, and reported symptoms.
For participants in the full intervention arm, consult calls may include discussion of microbiome-guided recommendations related to diet, supplementation, and lifestyle factors. Participants in the limited intervention arm may elect to receive a call with a licensed Nurse Practitioner for the purpose of interpreting their static microbiome report only; these calls do not include personalized recommendations or discussion of broader health symptoms. Participants in the control arm do not receive consult calls during the active study period.
Educational Email Series
Participants assigned to the full intervention arm will receive a structured educational email series delivered longitudinally over the course of the study. The email series provides evidence-based education on early infant gut microbiome development and its relationship to immune and allergic health outcomes, with links to blog articles summarizing current peer-reviewed research.
Topics include Cesarean delivery and microbiome seeding, breastfeeding and human milk oligosaccharides, formula selection, probiotic use, antibiotic exposure, gut maturation, introduction of solid foods and allergens, eczema and the atopic march, food sensitivities, environmental microbial exposure, and general strategies to support infant gut health during early life.
The educational email series is informational only and does not include individualized medical advice. Participants in the limited intervention and control arms do not receive the educational email series during the active study period.
Limited Intervention Arm
Participants in the limited intervention arm will receive simplified pdf reports with basic probiotic recommendations throughout the study. This arm has the option to participate in report interpretation calls with a Nurse Practitioner.
Tailored Recommendations
Recommendations are tailored to the infant's microbiome composition, functional gene profiles (e.g., HMO digestion and SCFA production pathways), age, feeding method, and reported symptoms.
Guidance may include evidence-based suggestions related to probiotic use, prebiotic intake, and age-appropriate nutritional strategies intended to support healthy gut microbiome development. All recommendations are educational in nature, optional, and provided for consideration by parents or caregivers. No supplements are provided directly as part of the study, and no supplementation is required for study participation.
Recommendations are updated over time as new microbiome data are collected and are delivered according to study arm assignment. The full intervention arm receives comprehensive, personalized recommendations with interpretive support, while the limited intervention arm receives probiotic recommendations only designed to model a scalable laboratory-developed test (LDT)-style approach.
Consult Call
Participants assigned to the full intervention arm will receive scheduled consult calls with a trained microbiome specialist as part of the study intervention. These are conducted remotely and are designed to support participant understanding of microbiome reports, review educational content, and discuss microbiome-informed recommendations in the context of the infant's age, feeding practices, and reported symptoms.
For participants in the full intervention arm, consult calls may include discussion of microbiome-guided recommendations related to diet, supplementation, and lifestyle factors. Participants in the limited intervention arm may elect to receive a call with a licensed Nurse Practitioner for the purpose of interpreting their static microbiome report only; these calls do not include personalized recommendations or discussion of broader health symptoms. Participants in the control arm do not receive consult calls during the active study period.
Control Arm
Participants in the control arm will provide the same level of microbiome and survey data as the intervention arms but will not see their results until after the completion of the study.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Tailored Recommendations
Recommendations are tailored to the infant's microbiome composition, functional gene profiles (e.g., HMO digestion and SCFA production pathways), age, feeding method, and reported symptoms.
Guidance may include evidence-based suggestions related to probiotic use, prebiotic intake, and age-appropriate nutritional strategies intended to support healthy gut microbiome development. All recommendations are educational in nature, optional, and provided for consideration by parents or caregivers. No supplements are provided directly as part of the study, and no supplementation is required for study participation.
Recommendations are updated over time as new microbiome data are collected and are delivered according to study arm assignment. The full intervention arm receives comprehensive, personalized recommendations with interpretive support, while the limited intervention arm receives probiotic recommendations only designed to model a scalable laboratory-developed test (LDT)-style approach.
Consult Call
Participants assigned to the full intervention arm will receive scheduled consult calls with a trained microbiome specialist as part of the study intervention. These are conducted remotely and are designed to support participant understanding of microbiome reports, review educational content, and discuss microbiome-informed recommendations in the context of the infant's age, feeding practices, and reported symptoms.
For participants in the full intervention arm, consult calls may include discussion of microbiome-guided recommendations related to diet, supplementation, and lifestyle factors. Participants in the limited intervention arm may elect to receive a call with a licensed Nurse Practitioner for the purpose of interpreting their static microbiome report only; these calls do not include personalized recommendations or discussion of broader health symptoms. Participants in the control arm do not receive consult calls during the active study period.
Educational Email Series
Participants assigned to the full intervention arm will receive a structured educational email series delivered longitudinally over the course of the study. The email series provides evidence-based education on early infant gut microbiome development and its relationship to immune and allergic health outcomes, with links to blog articles summarizing current peer-reviewed research.
Topics include Cesarean delivery and microbiome seeding, breastfeeding and human milk oligosaccharides, formula selection, probiotic use, antibiotic exposure, gut maturation, introduction of solid foods and allergens, eczema and the atopic march, food sensitivities, environmental microbial exposure, and general strategies to support infant gut health during early life.
The educational email series is informational only and does not include individualized medical advice. Participants in the limited intervention and control arms do not receive the educational email series during the active study period.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Infants must have been delivered via Cesarean delivery (C-section), either scheduled or emergent.
* Infants must have been at least 36 weeks gestation at time of delivery.
* Infants and their caregivers must reside in the United States with a US mailing address.
Exclusion Criteria
* Twin and multiple birth infants are not accepted in this study.
* Infants cannot have the following existing health conditions:
* Gastrointestinal conditions: Hirschsprung disease, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), short bowel syndrome (SBS)
* Immune or auto-immune conditions: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)), excluding eczema and rashes
* Congenital conditions: cleft lip or cleft palate, congenital heart disease, cerebral palsy, fragile X syndrome, down syndrome, spina bifida, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), congenital hypothyroidism (CHT), galactosaemia)
* Blood disorders (sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia)
* Infant or any immediate family member has previously received results from an at-home microbiome stool test (excluding standard clinical diagnostic testing such as stool culture or pathogen testing)
0 Months
3 Months
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Seeding, Inc DBA Tiny Health
INDUSTRY
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Qian Yuan, MD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Massachusetts General Hospital
Locations
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Seeding Labs INC
Austin, Texas, United States
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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References
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Shao Y, Forster SC, Tsaliki E, Vervier K, Strang A, Simpson N, Kumar N, Stares MD, Rodger A, Brocklehurst P, Field N, Lawley TD. Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature. 2019 Oct;574(7776):117-121. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
Galazzo G, van Best N, Bervoets L, Dapaah IO, Savelkoul PH, Hornef MW; GI-MDH consortium; Lau S, Hamelmann E, Penders J. Development of the Microbiota and Associations With Birth Mode, Diet, and Atopic Disorders in a Longitudinal Analysis of Stool Samples, Collected From Infancy Through Early Childhood. Gastroenterology. 2020 May;158(6):1584-1596. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.024. Epub 2020 Jan 18.
Nieto PA, Nakama C, Trachsel J, Goad D, Soderborg TK, Tan DS, Orlandi A, Yuan Q, Song E, Mueller NT, Mars RA, Hoy CS, Sukhum KV. Improving immune-related health outcomes post-cesarean birth with a gut microbiome-based program: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2025 Sep;36(9):e70182. doi: 10.1111/pai.70182.
Other Identifiers
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FLOURISH_14952
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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