Comparative Effects of Mirror Therapy and Standard Physiotherapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
NCT ID: NCT07332884
Last Updated: 2026-01-12
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
52 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2024-11-24
2025-10-10
Brief Summary
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The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Eligible participants will be allocated into two groups. One group will receive mirror therapy in addition to standard rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy alone. Both interventions will be delivered over a defined treatment period under supervised conditions.
Primary outcomes will include changes in pain intensity, while secondary outcomes will assess functional ability, range of motion, and overall limb use. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after completion of the intervention period. This study aims to determine whether mirror therapy provides additional benefits over routine physical therapy in reducing pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
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Detailed Description
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Mirror therapy is a neurorehabilitation technique that provides visual feedback of the unaffected limb to create the illusion of normal movement in the affected limb. This approach is believed to modulate central nervous system processing, reduce maladaptive cortical reorganization, and improve motor control. Previous studies have suggested potential benefits of mirror therapy in chronic pain conditions; however, evidence comparing mirror therapy with routine physical therapy in CRPS remains limited.
This study is designed to evaluate and compare the effects of mirror therapy and routine physical therapy on pain and functional outcomes in patients diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Participants will be assigned to one of two intervention groups. The experimental group will receive mirror therapy sessions alongside conventional rehabilitation exercises, while the control group will receive routine physical therapy based on standard clinical practice. Interventions will be administered by qualified physical therapists according to a predefined treatment protocol.
Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention period using standardized and validated measures. The study will assess changes in pain intensity, functional performance, and limb use to determine the comparative effectiveness of mirror therapy versus routine physical therapy. Findings from this study may contribute to evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Mirror Therapy Group
Participants in this arm will receive mirror therapy, a rehabilitation technique where movements of the unaffected limb are reflected in a mirror to create a visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Therapy sessions will be conducted \[specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week\] for \[specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks\].
Mirror Therapy
Participants perform movements with the unaffected limb while watching its reflection in a mirror, creating the visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Aimed at reducing pain and improving motor functio
Routine Physical Therapy Group
Participants in this arm will receive standard physical therapy for CRPS, including exercises, stretching, and functional activities aimed at improving mobility, reducing pain, and enhancing limb function. Sessions will be conducted \[specify frequency, e.g., 30 minutes per day, 5 days a week\] for \[specify duration, e.g., 4 weeks\].
Routine Physical Therapy
Standard physical therapy including stretching, strengthening, and functional exercises to improve mobility, reduce pain, and restore limb function in CRPS patients.
Interventions
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Mirror Therapy
Participants perform movements with the unaffected limb while watching its reflection in a mirror, creating the visual illusion that the affected limb is moving normally. Aimed at reducing pain and improving motor functio
Routine Physical Therapy
Standard physical therapy including stretching, strengthening, and functional exercises to improve mobility, reduce pain, and restore limb function in CRPS patients.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Both genders
* Hemiplegic patients with subacute stage
* Patients who developed CRPS of the hand due to stroke
* Patients with a diagnosis of CRPS 1
Exclusion Criteria
* Hand arthritis
* Arterial/venous injuries and/ or undergoing arterial revascularization
40 Years
65 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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University of Lahore
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Locations
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University of Lahore teaching hospital
Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
Countries
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References
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Ozdemir EC, Elhan AH, Kucukdeveci AA. Effects of mirror therapy in post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type-1: a randomized controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2024 Sep 24;56:jrm40417. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.40417.
Kotiuk V, Burianov O, Kostrub O, Khimion L, Zasadnyuk I. The impact of mirror therapy on body schema perception in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fractures. Br J Pain. 2019 Feb;13(1):35-42. doi: 10.1177/2049463718782544. Epub 2018 Jun 13.
Khoramdel F, Ravanbod R, Akbari H. Effect of high-intensity laser therapy and mirror therapy on complex regional pain syndrome type I in the hand area: A randomized controlled trial. J Hand Ther. 2025 Oct-Dec;38(4):791-798. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2025.02.009. Epub 2025 Mar 21.
Harmsen, W. J., Bulten, R., & Schrier, E. (2020). The effectiveness of mirror therapy and graded motor imagery for complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pain, 24(8), 1575-1587.
Giostri GS, Souza CDA. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2024 Apr 22;59(4):e497-e503. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779331. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Ferraro MC, Cashin AG, Wand BM, Smart KM, Berryman C, Marston L, Moseley GL, McAuley JH, O'Connell NE. Interventions for treating pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome- an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 12;6(6):CD009416. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009416.pub3.
Donati D, Boccolari P, Giorgi F, Berti L, Platano D, Tedeschi R. Breaking the Cycle of Pain: The Role of Graded Motor Imagery and Mirror Therapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 20;12(9):2140. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12092140.
Cuenca-Martinez F, Reina-Varona A, Castillo-Garcia J, La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreno S, Suso-Marti L. Pain relief by movement representation strategies: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis of motor imagery, action observation and mirror therapy. Eur J Pain. 2022 Feb;26(2):284-309. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1870. Epub 2021 Oct 8.
Cacchio A, De Blasis E, De Blasis V, Santilli V, Spacca G. Mirror therapy in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 of the upper limb in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009 Oct;23(8):792-9. doi: 10.1177/1545968309335977. Epub 2009 May 22.
Buraschi, R., Ranica, G., Nicassio, F., Falso, M. V., & Pollet, J. (2024). Efficacy of rehabilitative intervention on pain and function in patients with upper limb complex regional pain syndrome: A systematic review. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 40(2), 139-146.
Other Identifiers
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