Foot Posture and Balance in Children With Flexible Flatfeet: Effects of Mud-walk

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

37 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-10-22

Study Completion Date

2026-06-16

Brief Summary

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The study will be a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post study design. 37 children with bilateral flexible flatfeet of age 6-11 years will be recruited by non-probability convenience sampling with pre and post assessment. The navicular height, foot posture, balance and functional performance of lower limb will be assessed through Navicular Drop Test, Foot Posture Index-6, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Single Leg Hop Test respectively. All recruited children will receive intervention for 30 minutes a day for 3 days a week for total 6 weeks. The exercise program will include warm up phase, walk on mud and cool down phase. Data will be analyzed through SPSS version 27.0.

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Detailed Description

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Flatfeet is one of the predominant conditions of feet in children and is characterized by absence of medial longitudinal arch. Flatfeet affect the foot posture by altering the entire biomechanics of musculoskeletal system of lower limb. It ultimately affects the balance and functional mobility in children and may have poor quality of life in adulthood. The strength training programs and uneven surfaces have been used previously for its intervention. The mud-walk provides natural resistance along with sensory feedback due to its soft, variable surface. The aim of this study is to determine effects of mud-walk on foot posture, balance and functional performance of lower limb in children with flexible flatfeet.

The study will be a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post study design. 37 children with bilateral flexible flatfeet of age 6-11 years will be recruited by non-probability convenience sampling with pre and post assessment from Presentation Convent High School and The Sanai School Sargodha. All children will be assessed for inclusion and exclusion. The navicular height, foot posture, balance and functional performance of lower limb will be assessed through Navicular Drop Test, Foot Posture Index-6, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Single Leg Hop Test respectively. All recruited children will receive intervention for 30 minutes a day for 3 days a week for total 6 weeks. The exercise program will include warm up phase, walk on mud and cool down phase. Data will be analyzed through SPSS version 27.0.

Conditions

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Flexible Flatfoot

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

This quasi-experimental study aims to determine effects of mud-walk on foot posture and balance in children with flexible flatfeet. The study will involve 37 children with bilateral flexible flatfeet of age 6-11 years. The navicular height, foot posture, balance and functional performance of lower limb will be assessed through Navicular Drop Test, Foot Posture Index-6, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Single Leg Hop Test respectively. All recruited children will receive intervention for 30 minutes a day for 3 days a week for total 6 weeks. The exercise program will include warm up phase, walk on mud and cool down phase.

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Mud training

The children will walk on within a rectangular boundary of "2 × 8 dimension" (2 feet by 8 feet) with 5 cm depth. The exercise program will have 3 phases: warm up, walk on mud and cool down. The warm up phase will consist of stretching of the hamstring muscles using the static technique. The main exercise program will include walk on mud in four manners and progression will be added after 3 weeks.

Group Type OTHER

mud-walk

Intervention Type OTHER

* The participants will walk on the mud within a rectangular boundary of "2 × 8 dimension" (2 feet by 8 feet) with 5 cm depth.
* The exercise program will have 3 phases: warm up, walk on mud and cool down.
* The warm up phase will consist of stretching of the hamstring muscles using the static technique.

The main exercise phase will consist of 20 minutes of walk on mud in four manners with each manner for 5 minutes:

1. forward walk
2. back ward walk
3. sideways walk
4. S-shaped or figure-eight walk After 3 weeks, while walking in each manner the participants will pick up small objects (soft balls) with toes from mud and place them elsewhere.

The cool down phase will consist of 5 minutes and will include

* soaking feet in water
* washing with soap
* rinsing with clean water,
* drying with towel
* application of emollient

Interventions

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mud-walk

* The participants will walk on the mud within a rectangular boundary of "2 × 8 dimension" (2 feet by 8 feet) with 5 cm depth.
* The exercise program will have 3 phases: warm up, walk on mud and cool down.
* The warm up phase will consist of stretching of the hamstring muscles using the static technique.

The main exercise phase will consist of 20 minutes of walk on mud in four manners with each manner for 5 minutes:

1. forward walk
2. back ward walk
3. sideways walk
4. S-shaped or figure-eight walk After 3 weeks, while walking in each manner the participants will pick up small objects (soft balls) with toes from mud and place them elsewhere.

The cool down phase will consist of 5 minutes and will include

* soaking feet in water
* washing with soap
* rinsing with clean water,
* drying with towel
* application of emollient

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Children with bilateral flexible flat feet
* Children aged 6-11 years
* Children who are not involved in any other trial
* FPI-6 score \>6

Exclusion Criteria

* Children with rigid flatfeet
* Prior foot or ankle surgery
* Pain in lower extremities
* Overweight or obese
* Any other foot deformities
* Any neurological or neuromuscular disorder

Minimum Eligible Age

6 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

11 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No