Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Scapular Dyskinesia Type 2
NCT ID: NCT07232316
Last Updated: 2025-11-18
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
82 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2025-01-27
2025-08-15
Brief Summary
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The main questions the study aims to answer are:
* Does INIT affect shoulder range of motion compared with conventional exercise?
* Does INIT affect shoulder-girdle muscle strength?
* Does INIT influence scapular deviation as measured by a palpation meter? Participants will receive either INIT or conventional exercises three times per week for six weeks. Assessments will occur at baseline, week 4, and week 6 using a goniometer, dynamometer, and palpation meter. A physiotherapist that is the Principal Investigator and supervisor will monitor participants throughout the study.
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Detailed Description
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* Treatment group: Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT)
* Control group: Conventional therapy Assessments will occur at baseline, week 4, and week 6 using a palpation meter (PALM), goniometer, and hand-held dynamometer. Each session will last 45 minutes and will be conducted three times per week for six weeks. The Scapular Assistance Test will be used initially to identify scapular dyskinesis, followed by PALM measurements-where positive values indicate upward and negative values indicate downward movement. The dynamometer will record peak force (Newtons) in a gravity-eliminated position. An orthopedic surgeon will monitor participant safety and manage any adverse events.
Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT):
INIT combines ischemic compression, strain-counter strain, and muscle energy technique (MET).
* Ischemic Compression: Latent trigger points in the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior are palpated and compressed for 90 seconds, repeated 3-5 times based on participant tolerance.
* Strain-Counter Strain: The muscle is placed in a position of ease. For the upper trapezius and levator scapulae, the head is side-bent 10°-20° toward the affected side with the ipsilateral arm in abduction or flexion, held for 20-30 seconds.
* Muscle Energy Technique: Using post-isometric relaxation, participants perform gentle isometric contractions of the same muscles, followed by stretching.
Conventional Therapy (Control Group):
Participants perform stretching and strengthening for the same muscles.
* Stretching: Upper trapezius and levator scapulae-2-4 repetitions, holding 15-30 seconds each.
* Strengthening: Rhomboids and serratus anterior-10 repetitions × 3 sets, progressing to 15 repetitions × 3 sets using a yellow TheraBand (70-80% elasticity, approximately 1.5 kg/unit).
This six-week protocol will provide a standardized framework for comparing the two interventions using planned assessments
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
MET is a soft tissue manipulation technique in which an individual actively performs muscle contraction in a controlled manner
Group B receives conventional exercise that includes stretches and strengthening exercises of muscles involved in SD:
For stretching: Should repeat 2-4 times increasing gradually with a 15-30 second hold.
For strengthening: Active exercise for ten reps in 3 sets.
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Two sets of envelopes entitled groups A and B will be presented to the participant before recruitment in the study so that 2 sets of envelopes are mutually exclusive and cannot be replaced in the set again.
Study Groups
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Group A
Group A receives integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique. The total time commitment encompasses these assessment points spanning six weeks with each session lasting 45 minutes occurring three consecutive days a week.
Intigrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique
The integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) combines ischemic compression, strain-counter strain, and muscle energy techniques.
The practitioners first identified the latent trigger points to be treated using the palpation method and treated with ischemic pressure. This technique will be done for 90 seconds and repeated 3 to 5 times. After the ischemic compression therapist, the position of ease will be attained by maintaining the part of the desired muscle in the shortened position. It will be maintained for 20-30 sec. MET is a soft tissue manipulation technique in which an individual actively performs muscle contraction in a controlled manner. In this study, isometric contraction using post-isometric relaxation technique with stretching is used
Group B
Group B receives conventional exercise. The total time commitment encompasses these assessment points spanning six weeks with each session lasting 45 minutes occurring three consecutive days a week.
Conventional Exercise
Group B receives conventional exercise that includes stretches and strengthening exercises of muscles involved in SD.
For stretching: Should repeat 2-4 times increasing gradually with a 15-30 second hold.
For strengthening: Active exercise for ten reps in 3 sets gradually increases for 15 reps in 3 stages. The intensity of exercise will be determined by the RM method using a yellow Thera band with an elastic range of 70%-80% that is i.50 kilograms per unit
Interventions
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Intigrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique
The integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique (INIT) combines ischemic compression, strain-counter strain, and muscle energy techniques.
The practitioners first identified the latent trigger points to be treated using the palpation method and treated with ischemic pressure. This technique will be done for 90 seconds and repeated 3 to 5 times. After the ischemic compression therapist, the position of ease will be attained by maintaining the part of the desired muscle in the shortened position. It will be maintained for 20-30 sec. MET is a soft tissue manipulation technique in which an individual actively performs muscle contraction in a controlled manner. In this study, isometric contraction using post-isometric relaxation technique with stretching is used
Conventional Exercise
Group B receives conventional exercise that includes stretches and strengthening exercises of muscles involved in SD.
For stretching: Should repeat 2-4 times increasing gradually with a 15-30 second hold.
For strengthening: Active exercise for ten reps in 3 sets gradually increases for 15 reps in 3 stages. The intensity of exercise will be determined by the RM method using a yellow Thera band with an elastic range of 70%-80% that is i.50 kilograms per unit
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Individuals presenting with scapular malposition and inferior medial border prominence, scapular dyskinesia type II with nonspecific symptoms.
Exclusion Criteria
* Diagnosed Cervical related pathologies such as stenosis, myelopathy, and prolapsed intervertebral disk.
* Diagnosed Shoulder-related pathology such as AC joint instability, rotator cuff pathology, history of shoulder surgery, and recent upper limb fracture.
* Individual with neurovascular deficit and rib fracture.
* Diagnosed chest deformity and scoliosis
20 Years
40 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Ziauddin University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Syeda Sana Waheed
Principal Investigator
Principal Investigators
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Amna Aamir Khan, PhD - PT
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Ziauddin University
Locations
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Ziauddin University, College of Physical Therapy
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Countries
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References
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Tang L, Chen K, Ma Y, Huang L, Liang J, Ma Y. Scapular stabilization exercise based on the type of scapular dyskinesis versus traditional rehabilitation training in the treatment of periarthritis of the shoulder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Oct 18;22(1):713. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05654-2.
Roche SJ, Funk L, Sciascia A, Kibler WB. Scapular dyskinesis: the surgeon's perspective. Shoulder Elbow. 2015 Oct;7(4):289-97. doi: 10.1177/1758573215595949. Epub 2015 Jul 16.
Saadat Z, Hemmati L, Pirouzi S, Ataollahi M, Ali-Mohammadi F. Effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on pain threshold and pain intensity in patients with upper trapezius trigger points. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Oct;22(4):937-940. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Lytras D, Sykaras E, Christoulas K, Myrogiannis I, Kellis E. Effects of an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique program on neck muscle strength and endurance in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019 Jul;23(3):643-651. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.01.004. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
Saglam G, Telli H. The prevalence of scapular dyskinesia in patients with back, neck, and shoulder pain and the effect of this combination on pain and muscle shortness. Agri. 2022 Apr;34(2):100-108. doi: 10.14744/agri.2022.87059.
Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: a technical report. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Jun;7(3):306-13.
Kibler WB, Sciascia A. Evaluation and Management of Scapular Dyskinesis in Overhead Athletes. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019 Dec;12(4):515-526. doi: 10.1007/s12178-019-09591-1.
Kheradmandi A, Kamali F, Ebrahimian M, Abbasi L. Comparison between dry needling plus manual therapy with manual therapy alone on pain and function in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesia: A randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Apr;26:339-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.017. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
Hickey D, Solvig V, Cavalheri V, Harrold M, Mckenna L. Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Jan;52(2):102-110. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097559. Epub 2017 Jul 22.
Gorji SM, Kazemi O, Shahrzad P, Marchetti PH. Efficacy of Six Weeks Stability Exercises on the Glenohumeral Joint of Female Tennis Players with Scapular Dyskinesia. Int J Exerc Sci. 2022 Jul 1;15(3):962-973. doi: 10.70252/RGVB2654. eCollection 2022.
Amorim CS, Gracitelli ME, Marques AP, Alves VL. Effectiveness of global postural reeducation compared to segmental exercises on function, pain, and quality of life of patients with scapular dyskinesis associated with neck pain: a preliminary clinical trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2014 Jul-Aug;37(6):441-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.08.011. Epub 2014 Aug 3.
Chitale N Jr, Patil DS, Phansopkar P. Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique Versus Mulligan Mobilization on Functional Disability in Subjects With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study. Cureus. 2022 Oct 13;14(10):e30253. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30253. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Okezue OC, Anamezie TH, Nene JJ, Okwudili JD. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Office Workers in Higher Education Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020 Sep;30(5):715-724. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i5.10.
Baschung Pfister P, de Bruin ED, Sterkele I, Maurer B, de Bie RA, Knols RH. Manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometry in people with inflammatory myopathy: An intra- and interrater reliability and validity study. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 29;13(3):e0194531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194531. eCollection 2018.
Other Identifiers
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9050824SWPT
Identifier Type: OTHER
Identifier Source: secondary_id
9050824SWPT
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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