Shoulder Strength in Baseball Players

NCT ID: NCT07209423

Last Updated: 2026-02-04

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 120 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2026-04-30
• Study Completion Date: 2026-11-20

Brief Summary

The purpose of this graduate student research study is to transform the existing concepts surrounding shoulder strength in baseball players, particularly in the context of retroverted shoulders.

Detailed Description

The study aims to investigate the influence of biological age on shoulder strength in comparison to chronological age, providing insights into how these factors might interact in the context of athletic performance. Additionally, the investigators seek to develop a novel framework for injury prevention in baseball, addressing the critical research gap identified in the scope review. Furthermore, the investigators will conduct a comparative analysis between two different countries to deepen the understanding of baseball-related injuries, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to athlete safety and health in the sport.

Conditions

Healthy Subjects

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: OTHER
• Study Time Perspective: OTHER

Study Groups

Baseball players in the United States

Strength and Range of Motion

Intervention Type: OTHER

Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.

Baseball players in Japan

Strength and Range of Motion

Intervention Type: OTHER

Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.

Interventions

Strength and Range of Motion

Shoulder external rotation and internal rotation strength will be measured with a dynamometer at the end range, as well as at retroverted shoulder neutral and zero degrees for three times. Grip strength will also be measured three times using the dynamometer after the shoulder strength assessments.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Able to participate in baseball activities
• All races and ethnicities.
• Speaks and understands English or Japanese.

Exclusion Criteria

A diagnosis of a current injury that prevents participation in baseball activities.

• Orthopedic conditions (e.g., muscle strain, ligament sprain)
• Vascular history (e.g., blood clots, vascular surgery, varicose veins)
• Neurological history (e.g., stroke, nerve injury, or cognitive impairment)
• Cardiopulmonary conditions (e.g., hypertension, heart disease)
• Any history of bleeding or clotting disorders
• Diabetes, cancer, rhabdomyolysis, or compartment syndrome
• Additionally, not maintaining participant's regular diet on the day of the research will also impact eligibility.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 15 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 22 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Loma Linda University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Everett Lohman, DSc

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Loma Linda University

Central Contacts

Everett Lohman, DSc

Role: CONTACT

elohman@llu.edu

909) 558-1000 Ext. 83171

Other Identifiers

5250475

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id