Impact of Chronic Ankle Instability on Jumping and Agility in Athletes

NCT ID: NCT07171398

Last Updated: 2025-09-12

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 32 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-03-10
• Study Completion Date: 2024-08-10

Brief Summary

This study investigated how chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects functional performance in athletes compared with healthy controls. CAI is a condition that develops after repeated ankle sprains, leading to ongoing "giving way" episodes, pain, and reduced stability.

A total of 32 athletes participated: 16 with CAI and 16 healthy, age- and sport-matched controls. Participants performed a series of sport-specific functional performance tests, including single-leg hop tests, triple crossover hop, lateral hop, 6-meter timed hop, side jump, countermovement jump (CMJ), the 5-10-5 agility test, and the acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test. The Deepsport AI program was used for precise measurement of jumping and agility parameters.

Results showed that athletes with CAI had significantly lower jump height and power, reduced hop distances, and slower times in agility and hopping tests compared to controls. These findings suggest that CAI negatively impacts performance in explosive and multidirectional movements, which are essential in sports such as basketball, volleyball, and soccer. No strong correlation was found between CAIT (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool) scores and objective performance outcomes, suggesting that subjective reports alone may not fully capture functional deficits.

This study highlights the importance of using both subjective questionnaires and objective tests to evaluate ankle instability in athletes. It also supports the need for rehabilitation programs that include not only balance and proprioception training but also specific exercises to improve jumping, agility, and multidirectional performance.

Detailed Description

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a frequent consequence of lateral ankle sprains, affecting up to 74% of athletes with previous ankle injuries. It is characterized by recurrent sprains, repeated "giving way" episodes, reduced function, and impaired performance. While CAI has been extensively studied in relation to balance and proprioception, its direct effects on sport-specific performance metrics such as jumping and agility remain less clear.

In this cross-sectional case-control study, 32 athletes were enrolled: 16 athletes with CAI and 16 matched healthy athletes with no history of ankle instability. The CAI group was diagnosed using International Ankle Consortium (IAC) criteria (history of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior, ≥2 giving way episodes in the past 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years of sports participation). Controls had CAIT scores ≥25 and no ankle injury history.

The testing battery included:

Hop tests: single-leg hop, 6-meter timed hop, triple crossover hop, and lateral hop.

Agility tests: 5-10-5 pro-agility shuttle and acceleration-deceleration-acceleration (ADA) test.

Jump tests: countermovement jump (height, flight time, power) and side jump test.

Measurements were supported by the Deepsport AI program for objective performance analysis.

Conditions

Chronic Ankle Instability; Ankle Sprain; Functional Performance Deficit; Athletic Performance

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI)

16 athletes (9 female, 7 male) with chronic ankle instability. History of ≥1 lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months ago, ≥2 "giving way" episodes in last 6 months, CAIT score ≤24, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training).

Functional Performance Testing Battery

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants performed a standardized battery of sport-specific performance tests during a single laboratory session, including:

Countermovement Jump (height, power, flight time)

5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle Test

Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) Test

Side Jump Test

6-Meter Timed Hop Test

Single-Leg Hop Test

Triple Crossover Hop Test

Lateral Hop Test Performance was assessed using the Deepsport AI program and standard timing/distance protocols. Results compared between CAI and control cohorts.

Healthy Control (CG)

16 athletes (3 female, 13 male) without history of ankle sprain or instability. CAIT score ≥25, age/sex/sport matched to CAI group, ≥5 years sport participation (≥3 h/week training).

Functional Performance Testing Battery

Intervention Type: OTHER

Participants performed a standardized battery of sport-specific performance tests during a single laboratory session, including:

Countermovement Jump (height, power, flight time)

5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle Test

Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) Test

Side Jump Test

6-Meter Timed Hop Test

Single-Leg Hop Test

Triple Crossover Hop Test

Lateral Hop Test Performance was assessed using the Deepsport AI program and standard timing/distance protocols. Results compared between CAI and control cohorts.

Interventions

Functional Performance Testing Battery

Participants performed a standardized battery of sport-specific performance tests during a single laboratory session, including:

Countermovement Jump (height, power, flight time)

5-10-5 Pro-Agility Shuttle Test

Acceleration-Deceleration-Acceleration (ADA) Test

Side Jump Test

6-Meter Timed Hop Test

Single-Leg Hop Test

Triple Crossover Hop Test

Lateral Hop Test Performance was assessed using the Deepsport AI program and standard timing/distance protocols. Results compared between CAI and control cohorts.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• CAI Group:
• History of at least one significant lateral ankle sprain ≥12 months prior to testing
• At least 2 episodes of ankle "giving way" in the past 6 months
• Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score ≤24
• Minimum of 5 years of sports participation and ≥3 hours of training per week

• No history of ankle sprain or ankle instability
• CAIT score ≥25
• Matched to CAI group by age, sex, and sport participation
• Minimum of 5 years of sports participation and ≥3 hours of training per week

Exclusion Criteria

• History of fracture, surgery, or major injury in the lower extremity within the past year
• Musculoskeletal injury in the knee, hip, or back in the past 3 months
• Neurological or vestibular disorders affecting balance or movement
• Acute ankle pain, swelling, or inflammation at time of testing
• Current use of orthotics or ankle braces during performance testing
• Systemic or cardiovascular disease preventing safe participation

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 30 Years
• Eligible Sex: MALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Manisa Celal Bayar University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Australian Catholic University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Locations

University of Health Sciences

Ankara, Etlik, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Other Identifiers

821c0699143e44f4

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id