Pattern Separation in Major Depressive Disorder

NCT ID: NCT07139834

Last Updated: 2025-11-03

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: PHASE1
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2026-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2028-08-31

Brief Summary

This study seeks to examine the effects of treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, a first-line treatment for depression, in combination with placebo or with extended-release memantine, on neuropsychological function, regional brain activity assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and depressive symptoms, in participants with Major Depressive Disorder. Escitalopram is administered in an open-label fashion in this study; extended release memantine is administered in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled manner.

Detailed Description

Pattern separation is the process of separating overlapping sensory information, contexts, or experiences into distinct neural representations. In humans, deficits in pattern separation are believed to underlie overgeneralization seen in depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cross-sectional data support the effects of SSRI medications on pattern separation. Specifically, a recent paper demonstrated patients with depression who responded to SSRI medication had improved pattern separation performance (mnemonic discrimination) of emotionally neutral stimuli than SSRI non-responders, and that the findings were reversed with respect to emotionally negative stimuli (Phillips et al., 2023). These data are consistent with the negative cognitive bias in depression (Beevers et al., 2019), and provide indirect evidence of SSRI effects on pattern separation in humans. However, there is a dearth of longitudinal, within-subject analyses of SSRI effects on pattern separation performance, and associated neural activity quantified by BOLD signal from fMRI.

In the current study, we seek to examine the individual effect of SSRI treatment (in combination with placebo) as compared to the combined effect of treatment with SSRI and memantine, an NMDA-antagonist, on pattern separation, both in terms of behavioral performance and activity in the dentate gyrus as assessed by fMRI, and on depression severity. We propose to study individuals with major depressive disorder in a current major depressive episode who are currently unmedicated, who will undergo baseline medical and psychiatric assessment and fMRI scanning, followed by standardized treatment with escitalopram combined with either placebo or memantine in the context of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.

Conditions

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

SSRI + Memantine

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

SSRI (escitalopram or sertraline)

Intervention Type: DRUG

11 weeks of open-label treatment with an SSRI, of which the last 6 weeks are augmented with memantine vs placebo. Primary SSRI for the study is escitalopram. In cases of prior intolerance or non-response to escitalopram, individuals will be treated with sertraline instead of escitalopram.

Extended-Release Memantine

Intervention Type: DRUG

6 weeks of treatment with extended-release memantine as augmentation to ongoing escitalopram treatment

SSRI + Placebo

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

SSRI (escitalopram or sertraline)

Intervention Type: DRUG

11 weeks of open-label treatment with an SSRI, of which the last 6 weeks are augmented with memantine vs placebo. Primary SSRI for the study is escitalopram. In cases of prior intolerance or non-response to escitalopram, individuals will be treated with sertraline instead of escitalopram.

Placebo

Intervention Type: DRUG

6 weeks of treatment with placebo as augmentation to ongoing escitalopram treatment

Interventions

SSRI (escitalopram or sertraline)

11 weeks of open-label treatment with an SSRI, of which the last 6 weeks are augmented with memantine vs placebo. Primary SSRI for the study is escitalopram. In cases of prior intolerance or non-response to escitalopram, individuals will be treated with sertraline instead of escitalopram.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Extended-Release Memantine

6 weeks of treatment with extended-release memantine as augmentation to ongoing escitalopram treatment

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo

6 weeks of treatment with placebo as augmentation to ongoing escitalopram treatment

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Age 18-50
• Current diagnosis of MDD without psychotic features assessed within three weeks of study enrollment
• 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥17 assessed within 3 weeks of study enrollment
• Using an effective form of contraception at study enrollment and agrees to continue throughout study participation for individuals of child-bearing potential
• Capacity to provide informed consent
• Proficient in English
• Willing to provide emergency contact

Exclusion Criteria

• Currently taking an antidepressant medication at study enrollment
• Pregnant or breastfeeding at time of enrollment
• Evidence of current unstable medical illness, including liver or renal impairment, or unstable cardiovascular or respiratory illness
• QTc interval greater than 500 ms
• Current genitourinary conditions that raise urine pH such as a) renal tubular acidosis or b) severe infection of the urinary tract.
• Clinically significant neurological conditions, including a) history of stroke, b) previous head injury with evidence of cognitive impairment, c) history of malignancy or d) history of seizure disorder. (headache, migraines, pain disorders, and other conditions not exclusionary)
• Lifetime diagnosis of a) bipolar disorder, b) psychotic disorder, or c) dementia
• Current active suicidal ideation
• Current substance use disorder other than tobacco use disorder
• Current or recent (past 6 months) treatment with antipsychotics; current or recent (past 1 month) treatment with benzodiazepines; current use of prescribed stimulant medication; current use of other NMDA antagonists (amantadine, ketamine, dextromethorphan)
• Current use of disulfiram with oral concentrate, MAOIs (including linezolid or IV methylene blue), or pimozide
• History of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to a) memantine hydrochloride or any of its components/excipients, b) citalopram, escitalopram, or any other component of the product, or c) sertraline or any other component of the product
• Concurrent or recent (past 6 months) participation in another clinical trial for mental illness involving an investigational product or device
• Lack of response to or intolerable side-effects from trials of two or more selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors of adequate dose and duration at study enrollment
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the past 6 months
• Any condition or material in the body that is a contraindication for MRI procedures
• Weight that exceeds 300 lbs or inability to fit into MRI scanner
• MST LDI score greater than 0.5

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Jeffrey Miller

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Jeffrey Miller

Research Scientist

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Jeffrey M Miller, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)

Locations

New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)

New York, New York, United States

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Jeffrey M Miller, MD

Role: CONTACT

jeffrey.miller@nyspi.columbia.edu

646-774-7613

Gabriella F Restifo-Bernstein, BA

Role: CONTACT

gabriella.restifo@nyspi.columbia.edu

646-774-8138

Facility Contacts

Jeffrey M Miller, MD

Role: primary

jeffrey.miller@nyspi.columbia.edu

646-774-7613

Gabriella F Restifo-Bernstein, BA

Role: backup

gabriella.restifo@nyspi.columbia.edu

646-774-8138

References

Beevers CG, Mullarkey MC, Dainer-Best J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Allen JJB, McGeary JE, Shumake J. Association between negative cognitive bias and depression: A symptom-level approach. J Abnorm Psychol. 2019 Apr;128(3):212-227. doi: 10.1037/abn0000405. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30652884 (View on PubMed)

Phillips TO, Castro M, Vas RK, Ferguson LA, Harikumar A, Leal SL. Perceived antidepressant efficacy associated with reduced negative and enhanced neutral mnemonic discrimination. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Aug 28;17:1225836. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1225836. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 37701502 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

00081503

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id