BabySTrong II taVNS Feeding Trial

NCT ID: NCT07049952

Last Updated: 2025-11-21

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Total Enrollment

88 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-11-16

Study Completion Date

2027-12-30

Brief Summary

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The long-term goal of this project is to develop a therapy to assist pre-term and term infants with brain injury overcome difficulties in learning to feed so that infants may be discharged home with their families and avoid the burdens of of a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) or prolonged home nasogastric feeding. Few other therapies exist for infants who are not making progress with feeding volumes at term age.

To tackle this problem, we took the novel approach of pairing non-invasive nerve stimulation of the vagus nerve at the ear (taVNS) stimulation with the motor skills of feeding. In our pilot studies, 54% (19 out of 35) infants with feeding delays whose families were in discussions for G-tube placement, reached full oral feeds within 2 weeks, and infants who did not reach full feeds still improved their daily oral feeding volumes. Infants who got to full feeds showed stronger and more complex brain circuits associated with feeding motor skills.

With this trial we will test the BabySTrong taVNS feeding system in a multicenter, randomized, controlled, blinded trial to show how well this feeding system works in improving the daily feeding volumes, the days to full oral feeds, and/or the number of infants who avoid G-tube/ home NG placement, and increasing connections in brain circuits. If this groundbreaking new approach to infant feeding is successful, we may decrease how long infants are in the hospital, costs with Gtubes and home NG feeds, and family and care provider burdens. The findings from this proposal will be used in our FDA application for the BabySTrong feeding system.

Detailed Description

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In this STTR, we will test the safety and efficacy of the BabyStrong taVNS feeding system in infants with feeding delays in a randomized, controlled, triple blinded, multicenter trial. With this safety and efficacy data, we intend to apply for FDA approval and commercially develop the BabyStrong feeding device.

Aim 1) Determine if twice daily active taVNS-paired feeding treatment increases the number of infants reaching full oral feeds or daily oral feeding volumes, or decreases the time to attain full oral feeds compared with infants receiving sham stimulation in a randomized, controlled, triple-blinded trial. We will randomize based on non-IDM or IDM status to 4 groups: IDMs will be randomized 1:1 to Active taVNS-paired feeds (Group T), or sham taVNS paired with feeds (Non-IDM Control); For IDM infants we will randomize 1:1 to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and active taVNS-paired feeds (Group NT), or placebo and sham taVNS (IDM Control). Blinded randomized treatments will continue for 14 days, then all infants may progress to open label treatment, based on IDM status, for another 10days or less if full oral feeds or a decision to place a G-tube is reached. This study design will allow us to randomize to appropriate treatment based on IDM status. We will combine groups for analyses (Any active taVNS versus Control groups (IDM and Non-IDM combined), while controlling for IDM status. We hypothesize that any taVNS treatment (T + NT) will be effective at improving oral feeds over control (C).

We will also perform within stratified group analyses of active treatment versus control. We will use the non-IDM group results to support an FDA application.

Aim 2) Determine if active taVNS-paired feeding induces neuroplasticity compared with sham treated infants. We will measure diffusion kurtosis and tensor metrics in DKI scans at baseline and at the end of the 14d randomized treatment. We expect increased complexity (mean kurtosis) in corticospinal tracts in active vs sham groups.

Aim 3) Use safety and efficacy data to finalize an application for FDA approval of the BabyStrong, as a system with demonstrated potential to accelerate oromotor learning and decrease the need for Gubes and home NG feeds in infants.

Conditions

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Feeding Delays Neonates and Term Infants

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

We will stratify randomization based on non-IDM or IDM status (IDM is defined by obstetrical care providers, HgbA1C \> 5.6%, or ketonuria), and then by oral feeding volume intake of \<40ml/kg/d or \>= 40ml/kg/d. For non-IDM we will use a device treatment: we will randomize 1:1 to active taVNS (Group T), or sham taVNS (Group C control non-IDM) paired with feeding twice daily for 14 days. For IDM cohort we will use a drug and device combination: we will randomize 1:1 to NAC and active taVNS-paired feeds (Group NT) or sham taVNS and placebo (Group C control IDM) for 14d. After the 14d period, all groups will receive 10d of open-label treatment.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors
parent

Study Groups

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Non-IDM active taVNS

Non-IDM (Infants not product of diabetic mothers) will receive active taVNS with 2 feeds/day x 14 days

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

taVNS

Intervention Type DEVICE

Active or inactive non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve paired with 2 oral feedings/day for 14d

Non-IDM Control

Non-IDM (Infants not product of diabetic mothers) will receive inactive/sham taVNS paired with 2 oral feedings a day for 14 days.

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

inactive taVNS

Intervention Type DEVICE

inactive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation with 2 feeds/day x 14 days

IDM NAC and active taVNS

Infants of diabetic mothers will receive N-acetylcysteine by NG tube every 6h and active taVNS paired with 2 oral feedings a day, as a drug and device combination treatment for 14 days.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

NAC and taVNS

Intervention Type COMBINATION_PRODUCT

NAC 100 mg/kg diluted 1:3 with sterile water (or equal volume sterile water), q6h NG 1h before a feed for 4d prior to delivering active or sham taVNS paired with 2 feeds/day for 14d with NAC (or sterile water).

IDM Control

Infants of diabetic mothers will receive sterile water and inactive taVNS paired with 2 oral feedings a day, as a placebo drug and sham device combination treatment, for 14 days.

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

sterile water and inactive taVNS

Intervention Type COMBINATION_PRODUCT

Sterile water per NG tube every 6h for 4 days, then continuing with 14days of inactive taVNS paired with oral feeding

Interventions

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taVNS

Active or inactive non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve paired with 2 oral feedings/day for 14d

Intervention Type DEVICE

NAC and taVNS

NAC 100 mg/kg diluted 1:3 with sterile water (or equal volume sterile water), q6h NG 1h before a feed for 4d prior to delivering active or sham taVNS paired with 2 feeds/day for 14d with NAC (or sterile water).

Intervention Type COMBINATION_PRODUCT

inactive taVNS

inactive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation with 2 feeds/day x 14 days

Intervention Type DEVICE

sterile water and inactive taVNS

Sterile water per NG tube every 6h for 4 days, then continuing with 14days of inactive taVNS paired with oral feeding

Intervention Type COMBINATION_PRODUCT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* infants \>39 weeks PMA making minimal progress in oral feeds
* trying to learn feeding for at least 2wks if beginning feeds at term (\>37wks PMA), and 4wks if beginning feeds \<36wks PMA,
* may po every feed without volume limitations by therapists

Exclusion Criteria

* cardiomyopathy
* unstable apnea/bradycardia
* significant respiratory support (CPAP/ Vapotherm)
* unrepaired major congenital anomalies that affect safe po feeding or impose volume restrictions
* congenital syndromes unlikely to orally feed
Minimum Eligible Age

39 Weeks

Maximum Eligible Age

54 Weeks

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Medical University of South Carolina

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dorothea Jenkins

Professor-Faculty

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Dorothea D JENKINS, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Medical University of South Carolina

Locations

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Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Dorothea D Jenkins, MD

Role: CONTACT

843-792-2112

Gary Connor, RN

Role: CONTACT

207-281-2652

Facility Contacts

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Dorothea D Jenkins, MD

Role: primary

843-792-2112

References

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Badran BW, Dowdle LT, Mithoefer OJ, LaBate NT, Coatsworth J, Brown JC, DeVries WH, Austelle CW, McTeague LM, George MS. Neurophysiologic effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) via electrical stimulation of the tragus: A concurrent taVNS/fMRI study and review. Brain Stimul. 2018 May-Jun;11(3):492-500. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.009. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29361441 (View on PubMed)

Badran BW, Mithoefer OJ, Summer CE, LaBate NT, Glusman CE, Badran AW, DeVries WH, Summers PM, Austelle CW, McTeague LM, Borckardt JJ, George MS. Short trains of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) have parameter-specific effects on heart rate. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):699-708. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.004. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29716843 (View on PubMed)

Badran BW, Jenkins DD, DeVries WH, Dancy M, Summers PM, Mappin GM, Bernstein H, Bikson M, Coker-Bolt P, George MS. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for improving oromotor function in newborns. Brain Stimul. 2018 Sep-Oct;11(5):1198-1200. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 30. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30146041 (View on PubMed)

Moss HG, Brown TR, Wiest DB, Jenkins DD. N-Acetylcysteine rapidly replenishes central nervous system glutathione measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2018 Jun;38(6):950-958. doi: 10.1177/0271678X18765828. Epub 2018 Mar 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29561203 (View on PubMed)

Badran BW, Brown JC, Dowdle LT, Mithoefer OJ, LaBate NT, Coatsworth J, DeVries WH, Austelle CW, McTeague LM, Yu A, Bikson M, Jenkins DD, George MS. Tragus or cymba conchae? Investigating the anatomical foundation of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). Brain Stimul. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):947-948. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 6. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29895444 (View on PubMed)

Badran BW, Yu AB, Adair D, Mappin G, DeVries WH, Jenkins DD, George MS, Bikson M. Laboratory Administration of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS): Technique, Targeting, and Considerations. J Vis Exp. 2019 Jan 7;(143):10.3791/58984. doi: 10.3791/58984.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30663712 (View on PubMed)

Badran BW, Jenkins DD, Cook D, Thompson S, Dancy M, DeVries WH, Mappin G, Summers P, Bikson M, George MS. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Paired Rehabilitation for Oromotor Feeding Problems in Newborns: An Open-Label Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Mar 18;14:77. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00077. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32256328 (View on PubMed)

Aljuhani T, Haskin H, Davis S, Reiner A, Moss HG, Badran BW, George MS, Jenkins D, Coker-Bolt P. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) given for poor feeding in at-risk infants also improves their motor abilities. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2022;15(3):447-457. doi: 10.3233/PRM-210090.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 36093716 (View on PubMed)

Jenkins DD, Moss HG, Adams LE, Hunt S, Dancy M, Huffman SM, Cook D, Jensen JH, Summers P, Thompson S, George MS, Badran BW. Higher Dose Noninvasive Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Increases Feeding Volumes and White Matter Microstructural Complexity in Open-Label Study of Infants Slated for Gastrostomy Tube. J Pediatr. 2023 Nov;262:113563. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113563. Epub 2023 Jun 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37329979 (View on PubMed)

Aljuhani T, Coker-Bolt P, Katikaneni L, Ramakrishnan V, Brennan A, George MS, Badran BW, Jenkins D. Use of non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: neurodevelopmental and sensory follow-up. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Nov 9;17:1297325. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1297325. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38021221 (View on PubMed)

Jenkins DD, Garner SS, Brennan A, Morris J, Bonham K, Adams L, Hunt S, Moss H, Badran BW, George MS, Wiest DB. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation may benefit from the addition of N-acetylcysteine to facilitate motor learning in infants of diabetic mothers failing oral feeds. Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 May 22;18:1373543. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1373543. eCollection 2024.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38841121 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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R42HD104409

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

WCG 20250610

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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