The Mauritius and Rodrigues Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Study

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

39082 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

1987-04-05

Study Completion Date

2050-12-31

Brief Summary

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Mauritius is located in the southern Indian Ocean with a population of 1.3 million in 2023. Mauritius is a multiethnic nation with 68% South Asian, 27% African (Creole), 3% Chinese and 2% Franco Mauritians.

Seven population-based cross-sectional surveys using standardised protocols were conducted between 1987 and 2021). The participation rate has been over 85% in each survey.

At each survey, participants were interviewed about living conditions, lifestyle and health, and anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Biochemistry including lipids and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed Electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in participants aged 35 years and older. Previous participants were followed up in 2007 and 92% were successfully traced.

Studies with identical methodology have been performed on the neighbouring island Rodrigues where the majority of the population are Creoles.

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Detailed Description

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Mauritius and Rodrigues are islands in the south-eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Major changes in lifestyle have been seen during the last fifty years, including less physical activity and introduction of a westernised diet. In parallel, the disease panorama has changed from high infant mortality and infectious diseases to lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

The population in Mauritius are descendants to immigrants from South Asia, Africa and China, i.e., approximately 60% of the world population are represented. Mauritius is probably the only developing country that has followed the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and associated risk factors over a long time-period and continues to do so.

In the mid-eighties, the Mauritian government initiated a study on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, in collaboration with WHO and international experts. Altogether seven population-based surveys have been performed between 1987 and 2021, and approximately 39 000 (!) examinations have been recorded. The intention is to repeat the survey every fifth year.

The ethnicities of the participants have been 71% South Asians (India/Pakistan), 24% Creoles (Africa) and 5% Chinese, which reflects well the ethnical distribution of the population. Previous participants were followed up in 2007 and 92% were successfully traced. Studies have also been performed on the neighbouring island Rodrigues where the majority of the population are Creoles. During the follow-up survey in 2010, 97% of the 9 700 participants were traced.

At each survey, information was given and an individual consent form was signed. See attached the local (in Mauritius) ethical approval and consent form from the Mauritius survey 2021.

At each survey, participants were interviewed about living conditions, lifestyle and health, and anthropometry and blood pressure were measured. Biochemistry including lipids and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed Altogether approximately 28 000 electrocardiograms (ECG) were recorded in participants aged 35 years and older, all of which have been coded in Kaunas, Lithuania for signs of ischemic heart disease (Minnesota criteria) and myocardial hypertrophy.

The Mauritius NCD study was initially administrated by the International Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia under the leadership of Professor Paul Zimmet together with Professor Jaakko Tuomilehto (Finland) and Professor George Alberti (United Kingdom). Today, the study is administrated and financed by the Ministry of health in Mauritius under the leadership of Doctor Sudhir Kowlessur.

Professor Stefan Söderberg at the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden was introduced to the Mauritius NCD study during his postdoc (2001-2002) in Professor Zimmet's research team at IDI in Melbourne. Söderberg has since then continued to assist in the performance of the surveys and to analyse data. Today, Umeå university and the Department of Public Health and Clinical medicine have been granted the privilege to curate and analyse data generated in the Mauritius and Rodrigues NCD study.

Each survey has been evaluated and approved by the local ethics committee in Mauritius (see attached the approval from 2021). Analysing data in Sweden has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Authority (2023-07199-01).

Conditions

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Diabete Mellitus Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension Obesity &Amp; Overweight

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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Randomly selected population-based subjects from the population (Mauritius)

Seven cross-sectional studies were performed between 1987 and 2021 on mainland Mauritius

No interventions assigned to this group

Randomly selected population-based subjects from the population (Rodrigues)

In parallell, six cross-sectional studies were performed between 1992 and 2022 on Rodrigues

No interventions assigned to this group

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Men and women
* Randomly selected population-based samples (details see below)
* Target age from 25 to 74 years Exclusion
* Not living in the study area
* Age outside the age-range

In detail:

In 2004, a new study was performed, with similar methodology. In 2009, nine index clusters were chosen with one randomly selected from each of the nine districts in Mauritius. Then, two neighbouring clusters were chosen surrounding the index cluster to form a "super cluster." From this super cluster, one in three households was randomly selected and one adult per household was invited to participate.5 The same methodology was used in 2015 and in 2021 with new randomly chosen clusters forming "super cluster" as in 2009. In addition, a random sample from the 1998 survey was invited for a resurvey in 2015.

Participation rate has been over 85% in each survey. No sampling weights were used.

Same methodology was used in Rodrigues.

Minimum Eligible Age

25 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

74 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes