Big Toe Muscles Strengthening Exercises With and Without Neuromuscular Training Among Runners

NCT ID: NCT06986681

Last Updated: 2025-05-23

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

32 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-07-30

Study Completion Date

2025-04-15

Brief Summary

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The big toe in relation to the other toes is responsible for a much greater percentage of foot and body stabilization as well as forward propulsion. Big toe muscles play a very significant role in the toe off phase during the locomotion, increasing the final push off from the ground during activities like walking, running and jumping. Also have a role in maintaining medial arch of the foot. Marked evidence shows that neuromuscular training programs are effective for improving measures of performance. Comprehensive neuromuscular training programs designed for young women may significantly increase power, strength, and neuromuscular control. So, this study will determine the effects of big toe muscles strengthening exercises with and without neuromuscular training among runners.

This study will be a randomized clinical trial conducted at Pakistan sports board and coaching center Lahore and runners club in Lahore. Only female runners aged between 18-30 years having at least 1 year experience will be recruited in study. The participants will be randomly divided by simple random sampling into two groups. One group will perform the big toe muscles strengthening exercises with neuromuscular training and the other group will perform the big toe muscles strengthening exercises without neuromuscular training. The effects of Strengthening exercises of both the groups will be accessed on speed, power and agility of runners. Toe strength will be accessed by toe-hip dynamometer, Speed by 30 m sprint test, power by vertical jump, and agility by T-drill agility test at the start, and at the end of study duration. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS-26 providing a comprehensive approach to investigate the effects of bio toe muscles strength with and without neuromuscular training on speed, agility and power among runners.

Detailed Description

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The main objective of the study is to apply the big toe muscles strengthening exercises with and without neuromuscular training and to compare the results to identify their influence on speed, agility and power among runners.

Conditions

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Sports Physical Therapy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Big toe muscles strengthening exercises

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Big toe muscles strengthening exercises

Intervention Type OTHER

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol

Big toe muscles strengthening exercises with neuromuscular training

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises and neuromuscular training protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Big toe muscles strengthening exercises with neuromuscular training

Intervention Type OTHER

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises and neuromuscular training protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.

Interventions

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Big toe muscles strengthening exercises

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol

Intervention Type OTHER

Big toe muscles strengthening exercises with neuromuscular training

16 Participants will be in experimental group giving them Big toe muscles strengthening exercises and neuromuscular training protocol along with their normal sports training plan for eight weeks, measuring all values before giving them protocol and after protocol.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age between 18-30 years.
* Only female participants.
* Middle distance runners with at least 1 year experience.

Exclusion Criteria

* Participants with current or recent (\< 6 months) lower extremity musculoskeletal symptoms, neurological or neuromuscular conditions, severe foot deformities (i.e. club foot or deformities that hinders the activities of daily living).
* Participants with history of trauma or surgical treatment of lower extremity or foot within 6 months.
* Female participants with pregnancy.
* Systemic illnesses: Diabetes and hypertension etc.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

30 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Riphah International University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Aamir Gul Memon, MS

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Riphah International University

Locations

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Pakistan Sports Board

Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan

Site Status

Countries

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Pakistan

References

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Kurihara T, Terada M, Numasawa S, Kusagawa Y, Maeo S, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Effects of age and sex on association between toe muscular strength and vertical jump performance in adolescent populations. PLoS One. 2021 Dec 31;16(12):e0262100. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262100. eCollection 2021.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34972181 (View on PubMed)

Yamauchi J, Koyama K. Importance of toe flexor strength in vertical jump performance. J Biomech. 2020 May 7;104:109719. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109719. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32173032 (View on PubMed)

Xu J, Goss DD, Saliba SA. A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2023 Aug 1;18(4):997-1008. doi: 10.26603/001c.84310. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37547834 (View on PubMed)

Caldemeyer LE, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. Neuromuscular training for the prevention of ankle sprains in female athletes: a systematic review. Phys Sportsmed. 2020 Nov;48(4):363-369. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1732246. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32067546 (View on PubMed)

Trowell D, Phillips E, Saunders P, Bonacci J. The relationship between performance and biomechanics in middle-distance runners. Sports Biomech. 2021 Dec;20(8):974-984. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1630478. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31364954 (View on PubMed)

Denadai BS, Greco CC. Could middle- and long-distance running performance of well-trained athletes be best predicted by the same aerobic parameters? Curr Res Physiol. 2022 Jun 23;5:265-269. doi: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.06.006. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35800136 (View on PubMed)

Kusagawa Y, Kurihara T, Maeo S, Sugiyama T, Kanehisa H, Isaka T. Associations between the size of individual plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and toe flexor strength. J Foot Ankle Res. 2022 Mar 21;15(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13047-022-00532-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35313927 (View on PubMed)

Willemse L, Wouters EJM, Pisters MF, Vanwanseele B. Plantar intrinsic foot muscle activation during functional exercises compared to isolated foot exercises in younger adults. Physiother Theory Pract. 2024 Aug;40(8):1656-1668. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2204947. Epub 2023 Apr 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37126537 (View on PubMed)

Rowley M, Kurihara T, Ortiz-Weissberg D, Kulig K. Contributions of flexor hallucis longus and brevis muscles to isometric toe flexor force production. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2023;25(1):91-99.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38314582 (View on PubMed)

van Oeveren BT, de Ruiter CJ, Beek PJ, van Dieen JH. The biomechanics of running and running styles: a synthesis. Sports Biomech. 2024 Apr;23(4):516-554. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1873411. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 33663325 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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REC/RCR&AHS/24/0453

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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