POCUS-Guided Diuresis for Decompensated Heart Failure

NCT ID: NCT06921603

Last Updated: 2025-08-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

588 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-06-29

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body. This can cause problems such as difficulty breathing, swelling, and extreme tiredness. In severe cases, these symptoms worsen to the point where hospitalization is required. Unfortunately, many patients with severe heart failure are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days after discharge, which is both physically and emotionally challenging for patients and places a significant financial burden on individuals and the healthcare system.

Although symptoms such as difficulty breathing and swelling may improve during the hospital stay, some patients are discharged with excess fluid remaining in their bodies. This retained fluid often causes symptoms to worsen, leading to subsequent hospital readmissions. Inadequate management of fluid levels can also harm the kidneys, further complicating the patient's condition.

This study aims to improve care for heart failure patients by utilizing a simple, non-invasive tool to assess fluid levels more accurately at the bedside. The tool measures the size of a large blood vessel in the neck, providing key information about the pressure inside the heart. This information enables clinicians to determine the appropriate amount of medication needed to remove just the right amount of fluid. Properly managing fluid levels can help prevent kidney damage and improve overall patient outcomes.

The primary goal of this study is to evaluate whether this tool can reduce the number of patients readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. A secondary goal is to determine whether the tool can help protect kidney function by allowing for better fluid management. If successful, this approach has the potential to help heart failure patients stay healthier, reduce hospital visits, and lower healthcare costs.

Detailed Description

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Heart failure is a major cause of hospitalization in the United States, affecting over 5 million adults, with 30-day readmission rates as high as 22%. Hospitalizations account for the majority of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF)-related healthcare costs, and institutions that care for lower-income populations face added pressure under value-based payment models such as the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP).

ADHF is characterized by elevated cardiac filling pressures and systemic congestion. Traditional clinical assessments, such as physical examination, chest radiography, and jugular venous pressure (JVP) evaluation, are often limited by low accuracy and high interobserver variability. Residual congestion at discharge is a key predictor of readmission and contributes to complications like acute kidney injury (AKI), which can occur in up to 20% of ADHF hospitalizations and is associated with increased mortality, longer length of stay, and higher healthcare costs (up to $80,400 per patient).

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a valuable bedside tool for non-invasive, real-time volume assessment. This study focuses on a novel application of POCUS that uses the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) to estimate right atrial pressure (RAP). By measuring the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the RIJV during rest and the Valsalva maneuver, the Distensibility Index (DI) can be calculated. A DI ≥66% is associated with low RAP (≤12 mmHg), while lower values indicate persistent venous congestion.

Previous studies support the utility of this method. In a right heart catheterization cohort (n=67), DI predicted elevated RAP with 87% positive predictive value. In a prospective observational cohort (n=274), a DI ≥66% at discharge was associated with a 91.1% negative predictive value for avoiding early readmission. Patients with elevated RAP at discharge were 3.5 times more likely to be readmitted within 30 days.

This study introduces POCUS-guided diuretic management in hospitalized ADHF patients. The ultrasound-derived DI will be used to inform decisions regarding diuretic therapy and discharge readiness. All ultrasound operators will receive standardized training to ensure reproducibility of measurements. Clinician adherence to POCUS-guided recommendations will be monitored, and structured feedback will be obtained to assess usability.

By enhancing volume status assessment, this approach aims to improve decongestion strategies, reduce 30-day readmissions, and prevent kidney injury. If successful, this method could be integrated into routine clinical workflows, especially in settings where advanced imaging resources are limited. The study may inform future clinical guidelines and support more individualized, equitable care for patients with heart failure.

Conditions

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Heart Decompensation, Acute Acute Kidney Injuries

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants are randomized into two groups: a POCUS-assessed group and a standard care control group. Each group follows separate management protocols during the study.
Primary Study Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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POCUS-assessed diuretic management

Participants in this group will undergo daily POCUS imaging to assess volume status. The right internal jugular vein (RIJV) Distensibility Index (DI) will be measured and shared with the clinical team to guide diuretic (intravenous furosemide) management. However, all treatment decisions will be made at the discretion of the treating physicians.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

POCUS-Assessed Diuretic Management

Intervention Type OTHER

POCUS will be used to provide objective, non-invasive assessments of fluid status by measuring right internal jugular vein (RIJV) cross-sectional area (CSA) and calculating the Distensibility Index (DI). This information will be shared with the treating clinical team as an additional tool for fluid management. However, all final decisions regarding diuretic therapy will be made at the discretion of the treating physicians.

Furosemide (Standard Diuretic) Treatment

Participants in this group will receive intravenous furosemide (standard diuretic) treatment, as part of their routine care, based on clinical evaluation. POCUS imaging will be performed daily for research only, and findings will not be shared with the clinical team. Treatment decisions will follow usual care protocols.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Furosemide (Standard Diuretic) Treatment

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants in this group will receive intravenous furosemide as part of their routine care, based on clinical assessments including symptoms, physical examination. Daily POCUS imaging will be performed for research purposes; however, the findings will not be shared with the treating clinical team. Fluid management decisions and discharge planning will follow usual care protocols, without additional imaging-based guidance.

Interventions

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Furosemide (Standard Diuretic) Treatment

Participants in this group will receive intravenous furosemide as part of their routine care, based on clinical assessments including symptoms, physical examination. Daily POCUS imaging will be performed for research purposes; however, the findings will not be shared with the treating clinical team. Fluid management decisions and discharge planning will follow usual care protocols, without additional imaging-based guidance.

Intervention Type OTHER

POCUS-Assessed Diuretic Management

POCUS will be used to provide objective, non-invasive assessments of fluid status by measuring right internal jugular vein (RIJV) cross-sectional area (CSA) and calculating the Distensibility Index (DI). This information will be shared with the treating clinical team as an additional tool for fluid management. However, all final decisions regarding diuretic therapy will be made at the discretion of the treating physicians.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Age: Patients must be 18 years or older.
2. Diagnosis: Must have a confirmed diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).
3. Treatment Plan: Patients must be planned for treatment with intravenous (IV) diuretics.
4. POCUS Measurement: Must have an abnormal right internal jugular vein (RIJV) distensibility index (DI) of \<66% on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) at the time of admission.

These criteria ensure that participants are appropriately selected for the study and are likely to benefit from POCUS-guided diuretic management.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD): Patients with LVADs will be excluded due to their unique hemodynamics, which may interfere with study assessments.
2. Anatomical Incompatibilities: Excludes patients with RIJV or superior vena cava thrombus, congenital heart disease, or severe tricuspid regurgitation, as these conditions may impair accurate POCUS measurements.
3. Cardiomyopathy: Patients with hypertrophic or infiltrative cardiomyopathy will be excluded.
4. End-of-Life Care: Patients receiving hospice care or comfort measures only will not be included in the study.
5. Advanced Cancer: Patients with metastatic cancer will be excluded.
6. Severe Liver Dysfunction: Patients with a MELD-Na score greater than 20, indicating severe liver dysfunction, will be excluded.
7. End stage chronic kidney disease
8. Inability to Provide Consent: Patients who are unable to provide informed consent, due to cognitive impairment or other reasons, will not be eligible.
9. Inotropic Support: Patients requiring inotropic support at the time of enrollment will be excluded, as they represent a more severe heart failure profile that may not be suitable for this trial.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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American Heart Association

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Pittsburgh

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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John Pacella

Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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John J Pacella, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)

Locations

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University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

UPMC Presbyterian

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UPMC Shadyside

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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John J Pacella, MD

Role: CONTACT

4127805529

Benay Ozbay, MD

Role: CONTACT

4124502774

Facility Contacts

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John J Pacella, MD

Role: primary

4127805529

Benay Ozbay, MD

Role: backup

4124502774

Benay Ozbay, MD

Role: primary

4124502774

Adam Sohnen, MD

Role: primary

412-624-4170

Benay Ozbay, MD

Role: backup

412-450-2774

References

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Other Identifiers

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25POST1361664

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

STUDY24090092

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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