Preventing Medication Dispensing Errors in Pharmacy Practice with Interpretable Machine Intelligence: Wave 2

NCT ID: NCT06795477

Last Updated: 2025-01-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

30 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-02-01

Study Completion Date

2023-05-12

Brief Summary

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Pharmacists currently perform an independent double-check to identify drug-selection errors before they can reach the patient. However, the use of machine intelligence (MI) to support this cognitive decision-making work by pharmacists does not exist in practice. This research is being conducted to examine the effectiveness machine intelligence (MI) advice on to determine if its impact on pharmacists' work performance and cognitive demand.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Machine Intelligence in the Pharmacy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Interpretable MI

Participants receive interpretable machine intelligence to complete the medication verification task.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No MI Help

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will complete the medication verification task without any MI help

Interpretable MI

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants receive interpretable machine intelligence assistance to complete the medication verification tasks.

Uninterpretable MI

Participants receive uninterpretable (i.e., black-box) machine intelligence to complete the medication verification task.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No MI Help

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants will complete the medication verification task without any MI help

Uninterpretable MI

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants receive uninterpretable (i.e., black-box) machine intelligence assistance to complete the medication verification tasks.

Interventions

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No MI Help

Participants will complete the medication verification task without any MI help

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Interpretable MI

Participants receive interpretable machine intelligence assistance to complete the medication verification tasks.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Uninterpretable MI

Participants receive uninterpretable (i.e., black-box) machine intelligence assistance to complete the medication verification tasks.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Licensed pharmacist in the United States
2. Age 18 years and older at screening
3. PC/Laptop with Microsoft Windows 10 or Mac (Macbook, iMac) with MacOS with Google Chrome or Firefox web browser installed on the device
4. Screen resolution of 1024x968 pixels or more
5. A laptop integrated webcam or USB webcam is also required for the eye tracking purpose.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Eyeglasses with more than one power (bifocals, trifocals, progressives, layered lenses, or regression lenses)
2. Cataracts, intraocular implants, glaucoma, or permanently dilated pupil
3. Require a screen reader/magnifier or other assistive technology to use the computer
4. Eye surgery (e.g., corneal)
5. Eye movement or alignment abnormalities (lazy eye, strabismus, nystagmus)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Library of Medicine (NLM)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Corey Lester

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Corey Lester

Assistant Professor of Clinical Pharmacy

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Tsai CC, Kim JY, Chen Q, Rowell B, Yang XJ, Kontar R, Whitaker M, Lester C. Effect of Artificial Intelligence Helpfulness and Uncertainty on Cognitive Interactions with Pharmacists: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2025 Jan 31;27:e59946. doi: 10.2196/59946.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39888668 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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5R01LM013624

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

HUM00213493

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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