Effect of Baduanjin on Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis

NCT ID: NCT06650865

Last Updated: 2025-09-19

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-10-15
• Study Completion Date: 2025-02-15

Brief Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common rheumatologic disease in the world, primarily resulting in progressive cartilage destruction. It is most common in the knee joint. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of Baduanjin to reduce kinesiobia and increase functional exercise capacity by reducing or completely eliminating balance loss and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis and to shed light on future studies. 60 individuals between 40 and 70 years of age with osteoarthritis will be included in the study. Individuals will be randomized into three groups. In the study, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to assess physical activity level, Berg Balance Scale (BDS) was used to assess balance, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) was used to assess kinesiophobia, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and 30 Second Sit and Stand Test were used to assess functional levels. In our study, an exercise program accompanied by a physiotherapist will be applied for 12 weeks, 3 days a week. Exercise program will be applied to the first group and Baduanjin exercises will be applied to the second group in addition to the exercise program. Baduanjin exercise will be applied to the third group synchronously with the telerehabilitation method. It is thought that both techniques applied in our study may have positive effects on pain, kinesiophobia and physical function.

Detailed Description

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic disease in which stiffness, pain and impaired mobility occur when bones rub against each other as a result of deterioration of the cartilage in the joints. Although the disease most commonly affects the joints in the knees, hands, feet and spine, it can also be observed in the shoulder and hip joints. Clinical symptoms of OA, which is a common joint disease, include pain, joint stiffness, weakened proprioception, impaired balance and dysfunction that severely affect quality of life.

The main aim of osteoarthritis rehabilitation is to prevent functional losses by reducing pain and increasing muscle strength. Conservative treatment, pharmacologic treatment and surgical treatment are applied in osteoarthritis rehabilitation. Exercise practices, which are recommended with a high level of evidence, are the most important building blocks of conservative treatment. In individuals with knee OA, strengthening exercises, which are the leading exercise interventions, increase strength as well as power and endurance. As a result of increased muscle strength, stress on the joint is reduced, resulting in increased correct loading and stabilization. Skeletal muscles contract isometrically, concentrically and eccentrically to support the body weight against gravity and absorb shock. Eccentric strength is an integral part of lower extremity-specific activities of daily living.

When the literature is reviewed, recent studies have shown that OA patients have positive perspectives on traditional aerobic exercise. Tai Chi has been proven to reduce pain and improve physical function. Qigong, which emerged before Tai Chi, is accepted as another traditional aerobic exercise preferred by patients with knee osteoarthritis who cannot tolerate intense physical activities. An important complementary part of qigong, the Baduanjin exercise (Eight-Part Exercises or Eight-Part Brocades) consists of eight separate postures (supporting the chest, drawing arcs to both sides, raising one hand, practicing looking back, waving the hand and wagging the tail, touching the feet with both hands, climbing with both hands and relaxing the back). Baduanjin is a set of exercises, a qigong (chi kung) practice originating in China. The term "Ba Duan Jin" means "eight pieces of brocade" or "eight silk threads" in Chinese. This series of exercises involves a series of movements involving body posture, breath control and mental concentration. The main purpose of Baduanjin is to increase the circulation of energy (chi or qi), promote balance in the body, increase flexibility and improve overall health. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the free circulation of chi and its balanced distribution throughout the body is the key to a healthy life. This exercise series aims to create a physical, mental and energetic balance.

Each can have beneficial effects on different parts of the body or on specific organs. Similar to Tai Chi, Baduanjin exercise is recognized as a multicomponent therapy that combines physical, psychosocial, cognitive and spiritual components. Compared to Tai Chi, Baduanjin exercise has fewer physical and cognitive requirements, which makes it very suitable for application in patients with knee osteoarthritis in a short time. In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of Baduanjin to reduce kinesiobia and increase functional exercise capacity by reducing or completely eliminating balance loss and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis and to shed light on future studies.

Conditions

Osteoarthritis, Knee

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Traditional Exercise Group

The routine exercise program applied to individuals with osteoarthritis who applied to the orthopedic clinic where the data will be obtained is given below.

1st week exercises

• Isometric quadriceps set
• Terminal knee extension
• Knee extension at 90 degrees flexion
• Isometric gluteus maximus exercises

Exercises added in week 2

• Four-way straight leg raises
• Bridge exercise
• Fingertip elevation

Exercises added in week 4

• Mini squat (0-30 degrees)
• Getting up from a chair without support
• Leg press exercise with Theraband

Exercises added in week 6

• Stepping up and down
• Exercises for rising on one leg
• Semi squat (0-60 degrees)

The exercise program will be taught to the patient and given as a home program.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Traditional Exercise Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

It is important for the therapist to organize a exercise program to provide pain control. The exercise program should be specific and clear to the patient.

Exercises will be applied to this group. The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Baduanjin Exercise Group

Standard Physical Therapy Program + Baduanjin exercises

Baduanjin exercises An important complementary part of Qigong, the Baduanjin exercise (Eight Part Exercises or Eight Part Brocades) consists of eight different postures (supporting the chest, drawing arcs to both sides, raising one hand, practicing looking back, waving the hand and wagging the tail, touching the feet with both hands, climbing with both hands and relaxing the back).

The exercise program will be taught to the patient and given as a home program.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Baduanjin Exercise Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

In addition to the standard physical therapy program, Baduanjin will be applied for 30 minutes.

The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Telerehabilitation group

Baduanjin exercise will be applied simultaneously with the telerehabilitation method.

Standard Physical Therapy Program + Baduanjin exercises

Baduanjin exercises An important complementary part of Qigong, the Baduanjin exercise (Eight Part Exercises or Eight Part Brocades) consists of eight different postures (supporting the chest, drawing arcs to both sides, raising one hand, practicing looking back, waving the hand and wagging the tail, touching the feet with both hands, climbing with both hands and relaxing the back).

The exercise program will be taught to the patient and given as a home program.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Telerehabilitation Group

Intervention Type: OTHER

Baduanjin exercise will be applied simultaneously with the telerehabilitation method. In addition to the standard physical therapy program, Baduanjin will be applied for 30 minutes.

The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Interventions

Traditional Exercise Group

It is important for the therapist to organize a exercise program to provide pain control. The exercise program should be specific and clear to the patient.

Exercises will be applied to this group. The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Baduanjin Exercise Group

In addition to the standard physical therapy program, Baduanjin will be applied for 30 minutes.

The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Telerehabilitation Group

Baduanjin exercise will be applied simultaneously with the telerehabilitation method. In addition to the standard physical therapy program, Baduanjin will be applied for 30 minutes.

The exercise steps will be continued 3 days a week for 6 weeks. All scales and tests will be completed again at week 12 for long-term follow-up.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

exercise; exercise; exercise

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee,
• 40-70 years old,
• BMI <40 kg/m2,
• Grade II and Grade III OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence radiographic classification,
• Score of 24 and above on the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination

Exclusion Criteria

• Underwent surgery involving the lower limbs and spine,
• History of ligament injury or joint luxation involving the lower extremity,
• Diagnosed with a neurological disease affecting the lower extremities,
• Diagnosed with cardiovascular disease,
• Not receiving any other treatment in the last 3 months
• Taking anxiolytic and sedative drugs,
• Psychiatric illness,

• Minimum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 70 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Biruni University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Zeynep HOŞBAY

Assoc Prof. Dr, PhD

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Biruni University

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Other Identifiers

145361

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id