Monitoring Intermittent Fasting for Human Optimization Using Wearable Technology: An N-of-1 Study

NCT ID: NCT06630637

Last Updated: 2025-07-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

1 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-10-07

Study Completion Date

2025-07-02

Brief Summary

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There is a growing interest in personalized health strategies, including diet, exercise, and fasting regimens, to enhance metabolic fitness. Recent research indicates that intermittent fasting (IF) is useful not only for weight management, but also for energy production and improvement of metabolic well-being.

IF can potentially reduce systemic inflammation and help to prevent chronic diseases. IF research can also help athletes sustain performance during fasting periods. This prospective study aims to investigate the effects of a human optimization program on an individual\'s metabolic health and overall well-being.

This research examines the correlations between continuous glucose monitoring, ketone measurement, exercise routines, heat/cold interventions, diet, supplements and intermittent fasting patterns. The study involves a single participant -the principal investigator- who will adhere to a personalized regimen involving wearable monitoring of metabolic changes, training and intermittent fasting. This research seeks to understand the potential relationships between these factors, contributing to the emerging knowledge on individualized health optimization.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Intermittent Fasting Healthy Digital Health

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

This is an N-of-1 trial involving a single participant.
Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Personalized Health Intervention Arm

This arm involves the the single participant following a personalized regimen that includes intermittent fasting, exercise routines, heat/cold interventions, diet modifications, and supplementation. The participant will engage in continuous monitoring of metabolic changes using wearable technology, continuous glucose monitoring, and ketone measurements, along with blood, saliva, and stool lab tests. The goal is to assess the effects of these interventions on metabolic health and overall well-being, identifying potential trends and correlations throughout the study period.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Glucose-Ketone Index (GKI) monitoring

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Ketone and blood glucose monitoring with Abbott Optium Neo up to 10 times per day to observe GKI dynamics for gamification of adherence.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Monitoring with an Abbott Freestyle Libre to observe glucose dynamics for gamification of adherence.

Digital dynamometer

Intervention Type OTHER

Grip strength measurements, right and left hand, up to 20 readings per day per hand.

Wearables

Intervention Type DEVICE

All Apple Watch 9 and Whoop data daily \[heart rate variability (HRV), resting heart rate, cardio recovery, sleep duration, composition (stages of sleep) and analogous scores, potential maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion (VO2 max), basal metabolic rate and potential respiratory rate\].

Blood tests

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Pre- and Post-fast (48h) testing of lipid panel, ApoB, ApoA1, CRP, interleukin panel, omega 3:6 ratio, and autophagy analysis. Potential CBC, renal and liver panels to be taken where appropriate.

Stool tests

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

15 g of stool will be collected from the subject pre- and post-fast for microbiome assessment and pre- and post- the first week (the "three meal phase"). After the first week, the maximum number of tests is four per month (maximum of two fasts, with a pre- and post-fast test for each fast).

Saliva tests

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Saliva samples will be collected from the subject pre- and post-fast for microbiome assessment. Maximum number of tests is four per month (maximum of two fasts, with a pre- and post-fast test for each fast).

Fitness intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

90 minutes of strength and/or cardiovascular training for a minimum of 5 days per week.

Cold & heat intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cold plunge: at least 3 days per week, 2 sessions of maximum 5 minutes each (minimum 2 minutes between sessions) at a minimum of 6 degrees Celsius. Potential inclusion of GKI measurements before and after plunge.

Heat Therapy: maximum of 2 sessions of 20 minutes each of dry sauna blanket (minimum 5 minutes break between sessions) following the cold plunge intervention.

Airofit

Intervention Type DEVICE

Airofit is a smart breathing training device designed to improve respiratory strength and efficiency. It is used for enhancing sport performance, well-being, and overall health. The device works by providing adjustable resistance to breathing muscles.

5-10 minutes of daily use.

18h fasting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Minimum of 18 hours fasting per day, with feeding window to occur between 5pm-8pm or 12pm-3pm. The fasting procedures will occur only after the Three Meal Phase.

48h fasting

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

48h fasting maximum twice monthly, at least one week apart. Multivitamin and electrolytes with water, and black coffee or tea (0-calorie drinks) will be consumed.The fasting procedures will occur the Three Meal Phase.

Three meal phase

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

During the first week of the study, the participant will follow a regime of three meals per day.

Mediterranean-inspired diet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Regimen of Mediterranean-inspired nutrition comprised of Olive Oil, Olives, Leafy Green Vegetables, Lean Protein (Beef, Chicken, Lamb, Pork, Duck, Salmon, Tuna), Chia Seeds, Pecans, Macadamia, Pumpkin Seeds, Walnuts, Greek Yogurt, Salt, Pepper, Paprika, Cumin, Garlic powder, onion powder; Fruit: Blueberry, Grapefruit; Carbohydrates: Rolled Oats; Hydration: Water, Black Coffee, Black Tea, Coke Zero and 100 Zero sparingly, Ultima electrolytes.

Photographs of meals will be taken to create a visual record of the diet followed. Photographs of the devices will be taken to create a visual record of the blood glucose and ketone concentration results.

Supplements

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Multivitamin (Centrum), Vitamin D (Up to 2000 IU per day), Creatine (Up to 2000mg), Fisetin (1 pill), Omega-3 (1 tablet), Turmeric, Pre-Probiotic, Blueberry Extract, Holy Basil Extract.

Generative AI

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Feeding ketone data, glucose data (from finger prick and/or CGM), any/all Apple Watch Data, and dietary images into a generative AI platform to convert data into images using any selected prompts, with the intent of the images serving as immediate, visual readouts as a function of activity and/or inactivity.

Interviews

Intervention Type OTHER

Three interviews, of 30-60 minutes each one, at baseline, end of three meal phase and end of study, to gain insights into the participant's experience. Exploration of daily routines including diet, exercise and the use of technology and aspects of a healthy lifestyle.

Interventions

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Glucose-Ketone Index (GKI) monitoring

Ketone and blood glucose monitoring with Abbott Optium Neo up to 10 times per day to observe GKI dynamics for gamification of adherence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

Monitoring with an Abbott Freestyle Libre to observe glucose dynamics for gamification of adherence.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Digital dynamometer

Grip strength measurements, right and left hand, up to 20 readings per day per hand.

Intervention Type OTHER

Wearables

All Apple Watch 9 and Whoop data daily \[heart rate variability (HRV), resting heart rate, cardio recovery, sleep duration, composition (stages of sleep) and analogous scores, potential maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion (VO2 max), basal metabolic rate and potential respiratory rate\].

Intervention Type DEVICE

Blood tests

Pre- and Post-fast (48h) testing of lipid panel, ApoB, ApoA1, CRP, interleukin panel, omega 3:6 ratio, and autophagy analysis. Potential CBC, renal and liver panels to be taken where appropriate.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Stool tests

15 g of stool will be collected from the subject pre- and post-fast for microbiome assessment and pre- and post- the first week (the "three meal phase"). After the first week, the maximum number of tests is four per month (maximum of two fasts, with a pre- and post-fast test for each fast).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Saliva tests

Saliva samples will be collected from the subject pre- and post-fast for microbiome assessment. Maximum number of tests is four per month (maximum of two fasts, with a pre- and post-fast test for each fast).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Fitness intervention

90 minutes of strength and/or cardiovascular training for a minimum of 5 days per week.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Cold & heat intervention

Cold plunge: at least 3 days per week, 2 sessions of maximum 5 minutes each (minimum 2 minutes between sessions) at a minimum of 6 degrees Celsius. Potential inclusion of GKI measurements before and after plunge.

Heat Therapy: maximum of 2 sessions of 20 minutes each of dry sauna blanket (minimum 5 minutes break between sessions) following the cold plunge intervention.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Airofit

Airofit is a smart breathing training device designed to improve respiratory strength and efficiency. It is used for enhancing sport performance, well-being, and overall health. The device works by providing adjustable resistance to breathing muscles.

5-10 minutes of daily use.

Intervention Type DEVICE

18h fasting

Minimum of 18 hours fasting per day, with feeding window to occur between 5pm-8pm or 12pm-3pm. The fasting procedures will occur only after the Three Meal Phase.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

48h fasting

48h fasting maximum twice monthly, at least one week apart. Multivitamin and electrolytes with water, and black coffee or tea (0-calorie drinks) will be consumed.The fasting procedures will occur the Three Meal Phase.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Three meal phase

During the first week of the study, the participant will follow a regime of three meals per day.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Mediterranean-inspired diet

Regimen of Mediterranean-inspired nutrition comprised of Olive Oil, Olives, Leafy Green Vegetables, Lean Protein (Beef, Chicken, Lamb, Pork, Duck, Salmon, Tuna), Chia Seeds, Pecans, Macadamia, Pumpkin Seeds, Walnuts, Greek Yogurt, Salt, Pepper, Paprika, Cumin, Garlic powder, onion powder; Fruit: Blueberry, Grapefruit; Carbohydrates: Rolled Oats; Hydration: Water, Black Coffee, Black Tea, Coke Zero and 100 Zero sparingly, Ultima electrolytes.

Photographs of meals will be taken to create a visual record of the diet followed. Photographs of the devices will be taken to create a visual record of the blood glucose and ketone concentration results.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Supplements

Multivitamin (Centrum), Vitamin D (Up to 2000 IU per day), Creatine (Up to 2000mg), Fisetin (1 pill), Omega-3 (1 tablet), Turmeric, Pre-Probiotic, Blueberry Extract, Holy Basil Extract.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Generative AI

Feeding ketone data, glucose data (from finger prick and/or CGM), any/all Apple Watch Data, and dietary images into a generative AI platform to convert data into images using any selected prompts, with the intent of the images serving as immediate, visual readouts as a function of activity and/or inactivity.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Interviews

Three interviews, of 30-60 minutes each one, at baseline, end of three meal phase and end of study, to gain insights into the participant's experience. Exploration of daily routines including diet, exercise and the use of technology and aspects of a healthy lifestyle.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* The principal investigator is the sole participant in this N-of-1 trial: a healthy individual with no chronic diseases or conditions affecting metabolic health.

Exclusion Criteria

* The principal investigator is the sole participant in this N-of-1 trial.
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM)

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dean Ho

Director of the N.1 Institute for Health

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Dean Ho, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM)

Locations

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The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM)

Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Site Status

Countries

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Singapore

References

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Mandal S, Simmons N, Awan S, Chamari K, Ahmed I. Intermittent fasting: eating by the clock for health and exercise performance. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2022 Jan 7;8(1):e001206. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001206. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 35070352 (View on PubMed)

Patterson RE, Sears DD. Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting. Annu Rev Nutr. 2017 Aug 21;37:371-393. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064634. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28715993 (View on PubMed)

Levy E, Chu T. Intermittent Fasting and Its Effects on Athletic Performance: A Review. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2019 Jul;18(7):266-269. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000614.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31283627 (View on PubMed)

Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev. 2015 Oct;73(10):661-74. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv041. Epub 2015 Sep 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26374764 (View on PubMed)

Wang P, Tadeo X, Chew HSJ, Sapanel Y, Ong YH, Leung NYT, Chow EK, Ho D. N-of-1 health optimization: Digital monitoring of biomarker dynamics to gamify adherence to metabolic switching. PNAS Nexus. 2024 May 30;3(6):pgae214. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae214. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 38881838 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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HO_prospective

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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