Headaches: Effects on Sleep, Sensitization, and Psychological Factors
NCT ID: NCT06603493
Last Updated: 2025-11-25
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
132 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2024-09-19
2024-12-19
Brief Summary
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This study aimed to determine the effects of headache on sleep disturbances, central sensitization, depression, anxiety and stress.
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Detailed Description
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One of the factors most affected by headache is sleep disturbance. Especially the presence of migraine can lead to sleep disorders. Sleep disorders consist of various conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns and are one of the most common problems encountered in clinical practice. Inadequate or non-restful sleep may interfere with the normal course of physical, mental, social and emotional functions. Impaired sleep quality inhibits the body\'s process of self-repair and regeneration, which can lead to more serious health problems in the long term.
Establishing the relationship between sleep and headache can make a significant contribution to the management of headache.
Headaches can also be an important trigger of central sensitization. Central sensitization is an adaptive, activity-dependent and dynamic neurophysiological phenomenon\]. This process involves neurobiological changes in neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.\]. These changes include increased excitability, enhanced synaptic transmission and decreased inhibition. In summary, central sensitization is a condition in which the nervous system becomes hypersensitive and pain is perceived as more severe than normal. Especially in individuals with chronic headache, central sensitization may develop as a result of continuous stimulation of the nervous system and this may lead to a decrease in pain threshold and an increase in pain perception. Especially the fact that chronic headache triggers central sensitization is a factor that makes the treatment process very difficult and this situation seriously affects the quality of life of patients.
The psychological effects of headache cannot be ignored. Headache can increase depression, anxiety and stress levels. When pain becomes a constant source of anxiety, it makes it difficult to perform daily activities and negatively affects the general mood of the person. Depression and anxiety can increase the severity of headaches, and headaches can trigger these psychological conditions. Stress can be both a cause and a consequence of headache; especially tension-type headaches are closely related to stress. Therefore, it is important to consider the psychological status in the treatment of headache.
The presence of headache may affect many factors such as sleep disturbance, central sensitization, depression, anxiety and stress, and revealing these effects will contribute to the development of treatment approaches in headache treatment.
In the light of the above information, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the presence of headache on sleep disorders, central sensitization, depression, anxiety and stress.
Conditions
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Study Design
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OTHER
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Control Group
Individuals aged 18-65 without headaches will be placed in control group.
Assessment of sleep disorders
: Sleep disturbances will be assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Assessment of Central Sensitization
Central sensitization will be assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory
Assessment of depression, anxiety and stress levels
Depression, anxiety and stress levels will be assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21)
Headache Group
individuals diagnosed with migraine and tension-type headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition) will be placed in the headache group
Assessment of sleep disorders
: Sleep disturbances will be assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Assessment of Central Sensitization
Central sensitization will be assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory
Assessment of depression, anxiety and stress levels
Depression, anxiety and stress levels will be assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21)
Interventions
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Assessment of sleep disorders
: Sleep disturbances will be assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Assessment of Central Sensitization
Central sensitization will be assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory
Assessment of depression, anxiety and stress levels
Depression, anxiety and stress levels will be assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21)
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* Musculoskeletal diseases
* Chronic pain conditions
* Psychiatric diseases
18 Years
65 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Nagihan Acet
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Nagihan Acet
Asst. Prof.
Locations
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Atılım University
Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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References
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Sariçam, H., The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapies and Research, 2018. 7(1): p. 19.
Lovibond, S.H., Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney psychology foundation, 1995.
Mayer TG, Neblett R, Cohen H, Howard KJ, Choi YH, Williams MJ, Perez Y, Gatchel RJ. The development and psychometric validation of the central sensitization inventory. Pain Pract. 2012 Apr;12(4):276-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2011.00493.x. Epub 2011 Sep 27.
Duzce Keles E, Birtane M, Ekuklu G, Kilincer C, Caliyurt O, Tastekin N, Is EE, Ketenci A, Neblett R. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the central sensitization inventory. Arch Rheumatol. 2021 Oct 18;36(4):518-526. doi: 10.46497/ArchRheumatol.2022.8665. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Ağargün, M.Y., H. Kara, and Ö. Anlar, The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 1996. 7(2): p. 107-15.
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
Pambudi, P. and O. Sidabutar, Correlation between the Degree of Psychological Stress with Pain Intensity in Tension-Type Headache Patients. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 2024: p. 6-10.
Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Shiina T, Kobayashi S, Hirata K. Central Sensitization in Migraine: A Narrative Review. J Pain Res. 2022 Sep 7;15:2673-2682. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S329280. eCollection 2022.
Sebastianelli G, Casillo F, Abagnale C, Renzo AD, Cioffi E, Parisi V, Lorenzo CD, Fazio F, Petricola F, Mattia C, Serrao M, Schoenen J, Coppola G. Central sensitization mechanisms in chronic migraine with medication overuse headache: a study of thalamocortical activation and lateral cortical inhibition. Cephalalgia. 2023 Oct;43(10):3331024231202240. doi: 10.1177/03331024231202240.
van Griensven H, Schmid A, Trendafilova T, Low M. Central Sensitization in Musculoskeletal Pain: Lost in Translation? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Nov;50(11):592-596. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.0610.
Karna B, Sankari A, Tatikonda G. Sleep Disorder. 2023 Jun 11. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560720/
Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ. The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates. J Headache Pain. 2022 Apr 12;23(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2.
R P, S C N, S H, K R. Migraine Disability, Quality of Life, and Its Predictors. Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jan;27(1):18-23. doi: 10.1177/0972753120929563. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
Abu Bakar N, Tanprawate S, Lambru G, Torkamani M, Jahanshahi M, Matharu M. Quality of life in primary headache disorders: A review. Cephalalgia. 2016 Jan;36(1):67-91. doi: 10.1177/0333102415580099. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
Stovner LJ, Andree C. Prevalence of headache in Europe: a review for the Eurolight project. J Headache Pain. 2010 Aug;11(4):289-99. doi: 10.1007/s10194-010-0217-0. Epub 2010 May 16.
Other Identifiers
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Atılım Physiotherapy
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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