TMJ Dysfunction: Effects on Proprioception, Pain, and Body Awareness

NCT ID: NCT06558318

Last Updated: 2025-11-25

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-08-19

Study Completion Date

2025-01-19

Brief Summary

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The term "temporomandibular joint dysfunction" (TMJ dysfunction) refers to a range of anatomical and functional problems, with or without clinical signs and symptoms, that affect the TMJ and/or the chewing muscles. It is more frequent in women and young people ages between 20 and 40. Its frequency ranges from 28% to 88%. The term "temporomandibular joint dysfunction" (TMJ dysfunction) refers to a range of anatomical and functional problems, with or without clinical signs and symptoms, that affect the TMJ and/or the chewing muscles. It is more frequent in women and young people ages between 20 and 40. Its frequency ranges from 28% to 88%. This condition is frequently disregarded because of inadequate diagnosis . Additionally, TMJ dysfunction can particularly emerge in the early stages without the presence of pain. Due to the insidious onset of the disease, especially in the early stages, other TMJ-related factors, in addition to pain-related parameters, need to be considered.Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of TME disorder on proprioception, body awareness, and pain-related parameters including pain threshold, pain tolerance, and temporal summation in young adults.

Detailed Description

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"In the study, young adults aged 18-25 will be included, with TMJ dysfunction being measured using the Fonseca Amnestic Index. Based on Fonseca scores, two groups will be formed: those scoring over 20 will be labeled 'with TMJ dysfunction,' while the others will be classified as 'without TMJ dysfunction.' Proprioception will be assessed both through self-reports using the Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire and via joint position sense measured by a CROM device. Body awareness will also be evaluated using the Body Awareness Questionnaire. Pain assessment, including pain threshold, tolerance, and temporal summation, will be conducted using a pressure algometer. The 'pain threshold' will refer to the point at which a person first feels pain, 'pain tolerance' will be the last point that a person can tolerate, and 'temporal summation' will be the pain sensation evaluated after 10 repetitions of the pain threshold.

Conditions

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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Temporomandibular Disorder

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

OTHER

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Study Groups

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"TMJ Dysfunction" for the group with TMJ dysfunction.

This group consists of young adults aged 18-25 who have been diagnosed with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The diagnosis was determined using the Fonseca Amnestic Index, where participants with a score greater than 20 were classified into this group. The participants in this group are being analyzed for proprioception, body awareness, and pain-related parameters, including pain threshold, pain tolerance, and temporal summation.

Assessment of temporomandibular dysfunction

Intervention Type OTHER

TMJ dysfunction will be measured using the Fonseca Amnestic Index. The Fonseca Amnestic Index is used to assess the severity of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The index consists of 10 questions, with each question scored as 0, 5, or 10 points, depending on the severity of symptoms. The maximum total score is 100, where a higher score indicates a more severe level of TMJ dysfunction. Therefore, patients with higher scores on the Fonseca Amnestic Index are considered to have more significant TMJ issues. Based on Fonseca scores, two groups will be formed: those with scores over 20 will be labeled 'with TMJ dysfunction,' and the others 'without TMJ dysfunction.

"No TMJ Dysfunction" for the group without TMJ dysfunction.

This group includes young adults aged 18-25 who do not exhibit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Participants in this group have a Fonseca Amnestic Index score of 20 or lower. Similar to the TMJ dysfunction group, these participants are being evaluated for proprioception, body awareness, and pain-related parameters such as pain threshold, pain tolerance, and temporal summation.

Assessment of temporomandibular dysfunction

Intervention Type OTHER

TMJ dysfunction will be measured using the Fonseca Amnestic Index. The Fonseca Amnestic Index is used to assess the severity of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The index consists of 10 questions, with each question scored as 0, 5, or 10 points, depending on the severity of symptoms. The maximum total score is 100, where a higher score indicates a more severe level of TMJ dysfunction. Therefore, patients with higher scores on the Fonseca Amnestic Index are considered to have more significant TMJ issues. Based on Fonseca scores, two groups will be formed: those with scores over 20 will be labeled 'with TMJ dysfunction,' and the others 'without TMJ dysfunction.

Interventions

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Assessment of temporomandibular dysfunction

TMJ dysfunction will be measured using the Fonseca Amnestic Index. The Fonseca Amnestic Index is used to assess the severity of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. The index consists of 10 questions, with each question scored as 0, 5, or 10 points, depending on the severity of symptoms. The maximum total score is 100, where a higher score indicates a more severe level of TMJ dysfunction. Therefore, patients with higher scores on the Fonseca Amnestic Index are considered to have more significant TMJ issues. Based on Fonseca scores, two groups will be formed: those with scores over 20 will be labeled 'with TMJ dysfunction,' and the others 'without TMJ dysfunction.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\*Being between 18-25 years old

Exclusion Criteria

* History of cervical spine injuries or disorders
* Chronic pain conditions or diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders
* Previous neck or spine surgeries
* Neurological or psychiatric conditions affecting proprioception or pain perception
* Use of medications influencing pain sensitivity or proprioception
* Pregnancy
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

25 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Nagihan Acet

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Nagihan Acet

Asst. Prof.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Nagihan Acet, Phd.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Atılım University

Sena Nur Begen, MSc.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Atılım University

Locations

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Atılım University

Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Shen S, Ye M, Wu M, Zhou W, Xu S. MRI and DC/TMD Methods Analyze the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Change in Articular Disc of Temporomandibular Joint. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022 Feb 15;2022:1770810. doi: 10.1155/2022/1770810. eCollection 2022.

Reference Type RESULT
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Ohrbach R, Dworkin SF. The Evolution of TMD Diagnosis: Past, Present, Future. J Dent Res. 2016 Sep;95(10):1093-101. doi: 10.1177/0022034516653922. Epub 2016 Jun 16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27313164 (View on PubMed)

Türken, R., S.K. Büyük, and Y. Yasin, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Temporomandibular Eklem Rahatsızlıklarının ve Ağız Sağlığı Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2020(2): p. 208-213.

Reference Type RESULT

Pires PF, de Castro EM, Pelai EB, de Arruda ABC, Rodrigues-Bigaton D. Analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the Short-Form Fonseca Anamnestic Index in the diagnosis of myogenous temporomandibular disorder in women. Braz J Phys Ther. 2018 Jul-Aug;22(4):276-282. doi: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.02.003. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29519746 (View on PubMed)

Heisler AC, Song J, Dunlop DD, Wohlfahrt A, Bingham CO III, Bolster MB, Clauw DJ, Marder W, Phillips K, Neogi T, Lee YC. Association of Pain Centralization and Patient-Reported Pain in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Aug;72(8):1122-1129. doi: 10.1002/acr.23994. Epub 2020 Jul 21.

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PMID: 31162824 (View on PubMed)

Revel M, Andre-Deshays C, Minguet M. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility in patients with cervical pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Apr;72(5):288-91.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2009044 (View on PubMed)

Peng B, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Liu Y. Cervical Proprioception Impairment in Neck Pain-Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management: A Narrative Review. Pain Ther. 2021 Jun;10(1):143-164. doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00230-z. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33464539 (View on PubMed)

Mehling WE, Gopisetty V, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Hecht FM, Stewart A. Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5614. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005614. Epub 2009 May 19.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19440300 (View on PubMed)

Law EY, Chiu TT. Measurement of cervical range of motion (CROM) by electronic CROM goniometer: a test of reliability and validity. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2013;26(2):141-8. doi: 10.3233/BMR-2012-00358.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23640315 (View on PubMed)

Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Nielson W, Teasell RW, Chiasson M, Brown L. Reliability, standard error, and minimum detectable change of clinical pressure pain threshold testing in people with and without acute neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011 Sep;41(9):644-50. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3666. Epub 2011 Sep 1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 21885906 (View on PubMed)

Karaca, S. (2017). Vücut Farkındalığı Anketinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Muğla.

Reference Type RESULT

Onan D, Gokmen D, Ulger O. The Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire in Chronic Neck Pain Patients: Turkish Version, Validity and Reliability Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020 Feb 1;45(3):E163-E169. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003207.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 31425430 (View on PubMed)

World Health Organization. Oral Health SurveysBasic Methods. 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997. [

Reference Type RESULT

Other Identifiers

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AtılımU

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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