Effect of PNF-Based Upper Extremity Strengthening With Core Stabilization on Fitness in Amputee Football Players

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

14 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-09-01

Study Completion Date

2026-07-01

Brief Summary

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Amputee football (AF) is a disability-specific football in which amputees can participate. This study aims to determine the effect of PNF-based upper extremity strengthening exercises combined with core stabilization exercises on physical fitness parameters in amputee football players. In the study, amputee soccer players will be randomly divided into two groups training and control groups. In addition to the standard training programs in the off-season, the amputee athletes in the training group will receive PNF-based upper extremity strengthening training combined with core stabilization training by the same physiotherapist 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The amputee football players in the control group will be given upper extremity strengthening training with free weights in addition to core stabilization training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The physical and demographic characteristics of the cases who signed the consent form will be recorded. Initial evaluations will be made before the start of the exercise training program and secondary evaluations will be made at the end of 8 weeks. Detailed information about the participants will be obtained with the Descriptive Characteristics Information Form. Single Leg Balance Test, Berg Balance Scale and Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale will be used to obtain information about postural control and balance strategies of the participants. Pressure Feedback Unit will be used to measure the stabilization capacity of deep spinal muscles. Trunk muscle endurance tests developed by McGill will be used to assess the level of core stability. Isokinetic muscle strength of the upper extremity muscles will be measured with the ISOMED 2000 (2017-Germany) device. Hand grip strength will be measured with Jamar Hand Dynanometer. Closed Kinetic Ring Upper Extremity Test will be used to measure the strength, anaerobic power, and closed kinetic chain stability of the upper extremity. The Distance Triple Hop Test will be used to assess the strength, speed, balance, and control ability of a lower extremity with special emphasis on the distance traveled by the lower extremity. Sprint Test will be used to measure the running performance of amputee soccer players. The data will then be analyzed and interpreted with appropriate statistical methods.

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Detailed Description

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Amputee football (AF) is a disability-specific football in which amputees can participate. Optimum flexibility, strength, endurance, speed, and agility are required to perform adequately in amputee football. However, amputee soccer requires intense strength and stability requirements on the upper extremities and trunk, especially due to the use of crutches. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of PNF-based upper extremity strengthening exercises combined with core stabilization exercises on physical fitness parameters in amputee football players. In the study, amputee soccer players will be randomly divided into two groups training and control groups. In addition to the standard training programs in the off-season, the amputee athletes in the training group will receive PNF-based upper extremity strengthening training combined with core stabilization training by the same physiotherapist 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The amputee football players in the control group will be given upper extremity strengthening training with free weights in addition to core stabilization training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The physical and demographic characteristics of the cases who signed the consent form will be recorded. Initial evaluations will be made before the start of the exercise training program and secondary evaluations will be made at the end of 8 weeks. Detailed information about the participants will be obtained with the Descriptive Characteristics Information Form. Single Leg Balance Test, Berg Balance Scale, and Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale will be used to obtain information about postural control and balance strategies of the participants. Pressure Feedback Unit will be used to measure the stabilization capacity of deep spinal muscles. Trunk muscle endurance tests developed by McGill will be used to assess the level of core stability. Isokinetic muscle strength of the upper extremity muscles will be measured with the ISOMED 2000 (2017-Germany) device. Hand grip strength will be measured with Jamar Hand Dynanometer. Closed Kinetic Ring Upper Extremity Test will be used to measure the strength, anaerobic power, and closed kinetic chain stability of the upper extremity. The Distance Triple Hop Test will be used to assess the strength, speed, balance, and control ability of a lower extremity with special emphasis on the distance traveled by the lower extremity. Sprint Test will be used to measure the running performance of amputee soccer players. The data will then be analyzed and interpreted with appropriate statistical methods.

Conditions

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Amputation Lower Limb Amputation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Training and Control Group

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Training Group

In addition to the standard training programs in the off-season period; PNF-based upper extremity strengthening training will be performed 3 days a week for 8 weeks in addition to core stabilization training.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Training

Intervention Type OTHER

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) based upper extremity strengthening exercises to increase upper extremity muscle strength will be applied to the participants in the training group 3 days a week for 8 weeks. PNF-based upper extremity strengthening exercises will be performed with an elastic resistive band using bilateral symmetrical PNF patterns of "Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation-Extension-Abduction-Internal Rotation", "Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation-Extension-Adduction-Internal Rotation" on two different diagonals while individuals are in a sitting position in a supported chair. Core Stabilization Training will be continued for 8 weeks by increasing the difficulty and intensity of the exercises with limb movements and floor modifications after the amputee football players are taught how to find their neutral spine and how to maintain the position.

Control Group

The amputee football players in the control group will be trained 3 days a week for 8 weeks with isotonic strengthening exercises of the upper extremity muscles with free weights and core stabilization training.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Control Group

Intervention Type OTHER

The control group will be trained with isotonic strengthening exercises of upper extremity muscles with free weights and core stabilization training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Isotonic exercises involve muscle contraction with movement, where the muscle length changes while maintaining constant tension. Free weights such as dumbells will be used in the implementation of the exercises. 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) method will be used to determine the progression of the exercises.

Interventions

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Training

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) based upper extremity strengthening exercises to increase upper extremity muscle strength will be applied to the participants in the training group 3 days a week for 8 weeks. PNF-based upper extremity strengthening exercises will be performed with an elastic resistive band using bilateral symmetrical PNF patterns of "Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation-Extension-Abduction-Internal Rotation", "Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation-Extension-Adduction-Internal Rotation" on two different diagonals while individuals are in a sitting position in a supported chair. Core Stabilization Training will be continued for 8 weeks by increasing the difficulty and intensity of the exercises with limb movements and floor modifications after the amputee football players are taught how to find their neutral spine and how to maintain the position.

Intervention Type OTHER

Control Group

The control group will be trained with isotonic strengthening exercises of upper extremity muscles with free weights and core stabilization training 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Isotonic exercises involve muscle contraction with movement, where the muscle length changes while maintaining constant tension. Free weights such as dumbells will be used in the implementation of the exercises. 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) method will be used to determine the progression of the exercises.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* At least one year of experience in playing amputee soccer.
* Transtibial, knee disarticulation, or transfemoral level amputation.

Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of upper extremity amputation.
* Bilateral lower extremity amputation.
* Underwent upper or lower extremity surgery within the last 6 months.
* Neurological disease, vestibular or visual problems.
* Use of medication affecting the central nervous system.
* Any pathology that may affect motor performance.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

45 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No