Low Oxygen Therapy to Enhance Walking Recovery After SCI.

NCT ID: NCT06521723

Last Updated: 2025-12-03

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-06-06
• Study Completion Date: 2028-09-30

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine how combining bouts of low oxygen, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, and walking training may improve walking function for people with chronic spinal cord injury of different age groups.

Detailed Description

The goal of the study is to determine the optimal dosage for different age groups of repeatedly breathing mild bouts of low oxygen for brief periods (termed acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH)) combined with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSTIM) to improve recovery of walking and strength after spinal cord injury. Preliminary studies have shown that combining AIH and tSTIM with walking training can enhance individuals walking training greater than just AIH or tSTIM. By using low oxygen as a pre-treatment to tSTIM during walking training, functional independence and quality of life may improve. Despite exciting preliminary results supporting the efficacy of AIH and tSTIM to enhance walking recovery after SCI, understanding factors that may enhance or undermine treatment responsiveness is warranted. Factors include establishing the role of age and sex dependency on appropriate dosing (number of sessions) AIH to provide the greatest plasticity-promoting effects on walking recovery for our aging population of persons living with SCI.

Conditions

Spinal Cord Injuries

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

AIH + Walking Training with transcutaneous spinal stimulation (WALKtSTIM)

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia will be used as a pretreatment before walking training paired with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Daily acute intermittent hypoxia

Intervention Type: OTHER

Each participant will be exposed to 16 sessions of daily acute intermittent hypoxia via air generators over the span of four weeks. The generator will fill reservoir bags attached to a non-rebreathing facemask. Each session will consist of 15 episodes which include intervals of 1.5 minute hypoxia (FIO2=0.10±0.02, i.e. 10% O2) and 1 minute normoxia (FIO2=0.21±0.02).

Walking + tSTIM

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Individuals will participate in 45 minutes of gait training while having transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Stimulation intensity will be 80% involuntary motor threshold.

Sham + WALKtSTIM

Sham acute intermittent hypoxia will be used as a pretreatment before walking training paired with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.

Group Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR

Walking + tSTIM

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Individuals will participate in 45 minutes of gait training while having transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Stimulation intensity will be 80% involuntary motor threshold.

Interventions

Daily acute intermittent hypoxia

Each participant will be exposed to 16 sessions of daily acute intermittent hypoxia via air generators over the span of four weeks. The generator will fill reservoir bags attached to a non-rebreathing facemask. Each session will consist of 15 episodes which include intervals of 1.5 minute hypoxia (FIO2=0.10±0.02, i.e. 10% O2) and 1 minute normoxia (FIO2=0.21±0.02).

Intervention Type: OTHER

Walking + tSTIM

Individuals will participate in 45 minutes of gait training while having transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation. Stimulation intensity will be 80% involuntary motor threshold.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 18 to 80 years of age
• medically stable with medical clearance from study physician to participate
• SCI at or below C1 and at or above L2 with at least some sensory or motor function preserved below the neurologic level
• non-progressive etiology of spinal injury
• American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores of C-D at initial screen
• ambulatory (able to complete the 10-meter walk test without support from another person)
• chronic injury (define as > 12 months post-injury) to avoid potential for spontaneous neurological plasticity and recovery

Exclusion Criteria

• severe concurrent illness or pain, including unhealed decubiti, severe neuropathic or chronic pain syndrome, severe infection (e.g., urinary tract), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, severe osteoporosis, active heterotopic ossification in the lower extremities, severe systemic inflammation
• < 24 on Mini-Mental Exam
• severe recurrent autonomic dysreflexia
• history of severe cardiovascular/pulmonary complications including hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg)
• pregnancy because of unknown effects of AIH or tSTIM on a fetus (individuals of childbearing potential will not otherwise be excluded)
• botulinum toxin injections in lower extremity muscles within the prior three months
• history of tendon or nerve transfer surgery in the lower extremity
• untreated severe sleep-disordered breathing characterized by uncontrolled hypoxia and sleep fractionation that may impact the outcome of this study.
• active implanted devices (e.g., intrathecal baclofen pump)
• receiving concurrent electrical stimulation
• motor threshold evoked by transcutaneous spinal stimulation >200 mA

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 80 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

United States Department of Defense

FED

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Brooks Rehabilitation

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs

FED

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Randy Trumbower, PT, PhD

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Randy Trumbower, PT, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM)

Locations

Brooks Rehabilitation Hospital

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Noah Piazza

Role: CONTACT

npiazza2@mgb.org

(617) 952-6953

Randy Trumbower, PT, PhD

Role: CONTACT

rtrumbower@mgb.org

Facility Contacts

Holly Carstens, COTA/L, CBIS

Role: primary

Holly.Carstens@BrooksRehab.org

904-696-4656

Noah Piazza, BS

Role: primary

npiazza2@mgb.org

(617) 952-6953

References

Cutler MJ, Swift NM, Keller DM, Wasmund WL, Smith ML. Hypoxia-mediated prolonged elevation of sympathetic nerve activity after periods of intermittent hypoxic apnea. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Feb;96(2):754-61. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00506.2003. Epub 2003 Oct 10.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 14555683 (View on PubMed)

Dale-Nagle EA, Hoffman MS, MacFarlane PM, Mitchell GS. Multiple pathways to long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;669:225-30. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_45.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 20217354 (View on PubMed)

Estes S, Zarkou A, Hope JM, Suri C, Field-Fote EC. Combined Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation and Locomotor Training to Improve Walking Function and Reduce Spasticity in Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Study of Clinical Feasibility and Efficacy. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 11;10(6):1167. doi: 10.3390/jcm10061167.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33799508 (View on PubMed)

Gad P, Hastings S, Zhong H, Seth G, Kandhari S, Edgerton VR. Transcutaneous Spinal Neuromodulation Reorganizes Neural Networks in Patients with Cerebral Palsy. Neurotherapeutics. 2021 Jul;18(3):1953-1962. doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01087-6. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 34244928 (View on PubMed)

Tan AQ, Sohn WJ, Naidu A, Trumbower RD. Daily acute intermittent hypoxia combined with walking practice enhances walking performance but not intralimb motor coordination in persons with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2021 Jun;340:113669. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113669. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33647273 (View on PubMed)

Hayes HB, Jayaraman A, Herrmann M, Mitchell GS, Rymer WZ, Trumbower RD. Daily intermittent hypoxia enhances walking after chronic spinal cord injury: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2014 Jan 14;82(2):104-13. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000437416.34298.43. Epub 2013 Nov 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

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Trumbower RD, Jayaraman A, Mitchell GS, Rymer WZ. Exposure to acute intermittent hypoxia augments somatic motor function in humans with incomplete spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012 Feb;26(2):163-72. doi: 10.1177/1545968311412055. Epub 2011 Aug 5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 21821826 (View on PubMed)

Muter WM, Mansson L, Tuthill C, Aalla S, Barth S, Evans E, McKenzie K, Prokup S, Yang C, Sandhu M, Rymer WZ, Edgerton VR, Gad P, Mitchell GS, Wu SS, Shan G, Jayaraman A, Trumbower RD. A Research Protocol to Study the Priming Effects of Breathing Low Oxygen on Enhancing Training-Related Gains in Walking Function for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: The BO2ST Trial. Neurotrauma Rep. 2023 Nov 6;4(1):736-750. doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0036. eCollection 2023.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 38028272 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

HT94252410708

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

CDMRP-SC230232

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2024P001608

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id