Craving & Decision-Making

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

160 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-06-18

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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Craving is the strong desire for something, such as for substances in drug addiction and food or other activities in everyday life. Recent work suggests craving can influence how people make decisions and assign value to choice options available to them, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these interactions between craving and valuation remain unknown. To address this, this study uses cognitive decision-making tasks that measure how much individuals will pay (from a study endowment) to have everyday consumer items or snack foods when they crave something specific (opioids or a specific snack, respectively). First, the study will identify the neural mechanisms for how drug craving (craving for opioids) interacts with valuation for consumer items that have associations with drug use or not in people receiving treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). This will be evaluated in the activity patterns and interactions among brain regions involved in craving and value assignment during decision-making. Then, the study will examine for parallel mechanisms for how food craving (craving for a specific snack) interacts with valuation for snack food items that have similar features to the craved snack or not in people receiving treatment for OUD and non-psychiatric community control participants.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Decision Making

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Men and women with OUD receiving medications for OUD treatment will complete both the Consumer Items Willingness-to-Pay Task and Snack Foods Willingness-to-Pay Task at two separate task sessions. Non-psychiatric community control participants will complete the Snack Foods Willingness-to-Pay Task.

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Consumer Items Willingness-to-Pay Task

Men and women with OUD receiving medications for OUD treatment will complete a decision-making task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in which they indicate their willingness-to-pay for everyday consumer items that have associations with drug use or not. Interleaved with blocks of the task, participants will briefly observe stimuli that can produce a change in their psychological state and drug craving, via two psychological/behavioral interventions: Audio-visual stimuli (Neutral-Relaxing) and Audio-visual stimuli (Drug).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Audio-visual stimuli (Neutral-Relaxing)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio instruction for participant to allow themselves to experience their feelings followed by 3-min passive viewing of images of neutral everyday objects (e.g., tools, dirt) and their use (construction, gardening).

Audio-visual stimuli (Drug)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio instruction for participant to allow themselves to experience their feelings followed by 3-min passive viewing of images of drug paraphernalia (e.g., syringe, tourniquet, heroin) and preparation.

Snack Foods Willingness-to-Pay Task

Men and women with OUD receiving medications for OUD treatment and control participants from the community will complete a decision-making task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in which they indicate their willingness-to-pay for snack food items that vary in their features (savory, sweet, etc.). Interleaved with blocks of the task, participants will briefly observe stimuli that can produce a change in their psychological state and food craving, via two psychological/behavioral interventions: Audio-visual stimuli (Non-Food) and Audio-visual stimuli (Food).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Audio-visual stimuli (Non-Food)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio instruction for participant to focus their attention on the experimenter followed by 3-min audio-guided viewing of the experimenter opening/unwrapping an everyday object (e.g., box of crayons) and taking out its contents.

Audio-visual stimuli (Food)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio instruction for participant to focus their attention on the experimenter followed by 3-min audio-guided viewing of the experimenter opening/unwrapping a snack (e.g., chocolate bar, bag of chips) and taking out its contents.

Interventions

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Audio-visual stimuli (Neutral-Relaxing)

Audio instruction for participant to allow themselves to experience their feelings followed by 3-min passive viewing of images of neutral everyday objects (e.g., tools, dirt) and their use (construction, gardening).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio-visual stimuli (Drug)

Audio instruction for participant to allow themselves to experience their feelings followed by 3-min passive viewing of images of drug paraphernalia (e.g., syringe, tourniquet, heroin) and preparation.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio-visual stimuli (Non-Food)

Audio instruction for participant to focus their attention on the experimenter followed by 3-min audio-guided viewing of the experimenter opening/unwrapping an everyday object (e.g., box of crayons) and taking out its contents.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Audio-visual stimuli (Food)

Audio instruction for participant to focus their attention on the experimenter followed by 3-min audio-guided viewing of the experimenter opening/unwrapping a snack (e.g., chocolate bar, bag of chips) and taking out its contents.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* At least 18 years of age
* Willingness to follow study requirements, as evidenced by an ability to provide written informed consent and read, understand, and complete the study procedures
* Minimum of 6th grade reading level

* Primary diagnosis of OUD encompassing heroin and/or painkiller use
* Receiving medications for OUD treatment on an outpatient basis
* At least 12-month history of opioid use

Exclusion Criteria

* Unable to speak or read English
* Active psychosis or mania
* Current or past schizophrenia diagnosis
* History of intellectual disability or developmental or neurological disorder, seizures or epilepsy, or loss consciousness lasting more than 30 minutes
* Severe medical conditions requiring hospitalization or that, in the opinion of the study staff could compromise study participation
* MRI contraindications (claustrophobia, nonremovable piercings, certain metal in the body etc.) or pregnancy

* Positive urine drug screen
* Current or past problematic substance use other than nicotine, and alcohol abuse confined to college or military service
* Current or past bipolar disorder diagnosis
* Use of central nervous system medications within the past 6 weeks (e.g., antidepressants, Ritalin)

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes