Building Social and Structural Connections for the Prevention of Opioid Use Disorder Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

300 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-05-06

Study Completion Date

2029-12-01

Brief Summary

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Homelessness severely affects health and well-being and is particularly negative for youth. Between 70-95% of youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) report problem substance use and 66-89% have a mental health disorder. Youth appear to be at greater risk for living on the streets or being homeless than adults and are more vulnerable to long term consequences of homelessness. Multiple social determinants of health (SDOH) are uniquely associated with homelessness, driving substance use and adverse mental health consequences. However, limited research has identified pragmatic interventions that have a long-term ameliorating impact on the complex, multi-symptomatic issues among these youth. This study overcomes prior gaps in research through testing a multi-component comprehensive prevention intervention targeting SDOH that may affect biopsychosocial health indicators and longer-term health outcomes. In partnership with a drop-in center for YEH, youth between the ages of 14 to 24 years, will be engaged and randomly assigned to conditions using a dismantling design so that essential intervention components can be efficiently identified. In particular, youth (N = 300) will be randomly assigned to a) Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach + Services as Usual (MI/CRA + SAU, n = 80), b) Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy + Services As Usual (SBOA + SAU, n = 80), c) MI/CRA + SBOA + SAU (n = 80) or d) SAU (n=60) through the drop-in center. In order to assess the longer-term prevention effects on substance use, mental health and other outcomes, all youth will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24-months post-baseline. The primary goal of this study is to establish the impact of a comprehensive intervention embedded within a system that serves YEH, a community drop-in center, on youth's opioid misuse and disorder, other substance misuse and disorders, mental health diagnoses, and other targeted outcomes. This study will offer unique information on the physiological and psychological stress pathways underlying change for specific subgroups of youth along with cost estimates to inform future implementation efforts in drop-in centers around the country.

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Detailed Description

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Specific Aim 1. Using a dismantling randomized design, compare intervention conditions to determine those components essential for optimizing substance use and mental health: a) Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA), b) Motivational Interviewing (MI)/Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), c) SBOA+MI/CRA, and d) Services As Usual (SAU). Hypothesis. Youth assigned to SBOA+MI/CRA will show better short and long-term outcomes on Opioid Use Disorder prevention and on other substance use and mental health outcomes than youth assigned to either intervention alone or Services As Usual.

Specific Aim 2. Test whether intended change processes (social stability, psychosocial resources, stress) produce the desired change on substance use and mental health. Hypothesis. Inasmuch as the interventions trigger successful increases in social stability and psychosocial resources and reductions in stress, targeted outcomes will improve.

Specific Aim 3. Explore how the moderators of age, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual/gender minority status, and experience of childhood abuse and neglect influence intervention response.

Specific Aim 4. Determine cost effectiveness of the intervention approaches.

Conditions

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Opioid Use Disorder Dual Diagnosis Housing Problems Mental Disorder in Adolescence Risk Behavior Homelessness

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Using a dismantling, randomized controlled design, researchers will examine the singular and combined impact of Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach (MI/CRA) and Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA) on substance use, mental health and other outcomes (e.g., housing stability, education, employment) with Youth Experiencing Homelessness (YEH) recruited from a local drop-in center.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Assessors will be blind to intervention condition.

Study Groups

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Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach + Services as Usual (MI/CRA + SAU)

The current evidence base recommends integrating treatments targeting both Substance Use Disorder and psychiatric disorders, especially combining Motivational Interviewing with behavioral interventions such as CRA or Cognitive Behaviorial Therapy.

Enhancing intrinsic motivation for behavioral change is the central purpose of motivational interviewing (MI), a clinical method built on the insights and strategies described by Carl Rogers as client-centered therapy. MI is also directive, however, in selectively eliciting and reinforcing client "change talk". Typically offered as a brief intervention of 1-2 sessions, MI has a strong record of efficacy in the treatment of alcohol and other drug use disorders, mental health and other problematic behaviors.

The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) offers an empirically-based multifaceted approach to substance abuse/mental health treatment that also addresses many of the clinical needs of multi-problem homeless individuals.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach (MI/CRA)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

MI/CRA includes two Motivational Interviewing sessions and twelve 1-hour Community Reinforcement Approach sessions.

Services as Usual (SAU)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this group will receive the standard services provided to all youth involved with the drop-in center.

Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy + Services As Usual (SBOA +SAU)

Some research suggests that engagement with an advocate is key to success when linking those experiencing homelessness to available services and supports in the community. The strengths model is based on the premise that the purpose of advocacy "is to assist consumers in identifying, securing, and preserving the range of resources, both external and internal, needed to live in a normal, independent way in the community". Strengths-based interventions focus on enhancing well-being and happiness rather than attempting to correct deficits or pathology. The advocate takes responsibility for securing needed services for the youth and remains a support as they traverse the system of care. The focus of the first several weeks of advocacy is on obtaining identification and ensuring basic needs are met (food, safety, medical care, housing, etc.). As basic needs are addressed, youth and advocates focus on other high need areas including education, employment, mental health and substance use.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA )

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The number of Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy sessions participants will receive are flexibly determined based upon youth needs.

Services as Usual (SAU)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this group will receive the standard services provided to all youth involved with the drop-in center.

Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach (MI/CRA) + SBOA + SAU

This intervention combines all three interventional models: Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach along with Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy and the Services as Usual.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach (MI/CRA)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

MI/CRA includes two Motivational Interviewing sessions and twelve 1-hour Community Reinforcement Approach sessions.

Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA )

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The number of Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy sessions participants will receive are flexibly determined based upon youth needs.

Services as Usual (SAU)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this group will receive the standard services provided to all youth involved with the drop-in center.

Services as Usual (SAU)

All youth will receive services as usual provided by the drop-in center.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Services as Usual (SAU)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants assigned to this group will receive the standard services provided to all youth involved with the drop-in center.

Interventions

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Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach (MI/CRA)

MI/CRA includes two Motivational Interviewing sessions and twelve 1-hour Community Reinforcement Approach sessions.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy (SBOA )

The number of Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy sessions participants will receive are flexibly determined based upon youth needs.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Services as Usual (SAU)

Participants assigned to this group will receive the standard services provided to all youth involved with the drop-in center.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Youth must meet the criteria for homelessness as defined by the McKinney-Vento Act: children and youth who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; or live in a welfare hotel, or place without regular sleeping accommodations, or live in a shared residence with other persons due to the loss of one's housing or economic hardship
* Must speak english adequately to complete measures