Understanding, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Hormone Action Defects

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

150 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-01

Study Completion Date

2026-01-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this observational study is to learn about the neurological and cardiological phenotype of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) syndromes beta and alpha (RTHß and RTHa) due to dominant negative variants in the genes encoding the thyroid hormone receptors alpha (THRA) and beta (THRB).

The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are:

* Define frequency and improve early diagnosis for RTH syndromes
* Developing tools to accelerate diagnosis of RTH syndromes
* Development and validation of monitoring tools

Participants, recruited at neonatal screening or from cohorts of patients with unexplained specific neuro-cognitive or cardiovascular phenotypes will be submitted to biochemical and genetic investigations. In addition pluripotent stem cells will be generated from peripheral blood cells of RTHs patients and studied in vitro to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological and cardiovascular consequences. In vitro and clinical data, will be correlated to identify biomarkers for monitoring treatment.

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Detailed Description

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TH action defects (THAD) are a group of rare syndromes characterized by abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) cell signaling due to defective transport, metabolism or action of TH via binding with nuclear receptors (TRs): there are two TRs, the alpha (TRa) and beta (TRß) receptors. Among them, mutations of THRA or THRB genes cause two distinct syndromes with Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH) action whose incidence was estimated 1:20,000-50,000 newborns, likely representing the most frequent THAD forms. RTHa is due to dominant negative (DN) heterozygous mutations in THRA and characterized by dramatic manifestations in TRa-expressing tissues resembling untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH).

RTHß is due to DN heterozygous THRB mutations, which cause variable TH resistance in TRß-expressing tissues (hypothalamus, pituitary, liver), resulting in distinctive biochemical signature (high free TH and unsuppressed TSH) together with additional features like deafness, impaired color vision and thyrotoxic-related symptoms (goiter, tachyarrhythmias, osteoporosis, anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD).

Outstandingly, early treatment with TH or its analogues is expected to reduce most of the adverse consequences of RTHs but early/neonatal diagnosis is presently not feasible due to the lack of accurate biomarkers. Indeed, uniform characterization is essential for a rare disease, and establishment of clear-cut endocrine fingerprints for RTHa and RTHß are essential for a timely diagnosis.

In addition, the wide application of next generation sequencing (NGS) has yielded an unprecedented wealth of genetic information, calling for proper instruments to distinguish benign from pathogenic variants.

Finally, biomarkers for monitoring treatment of these conditions have not been established or validated.

This study aim to:

1. develop neonatal screening strategies for THAD and give unprecedented epidemiological characterization of RTHs in Italy
2. understand the pathogenicity of newly discovered THRB or THRA variants in in vivo model or identify new mechanisms
3. generate induced pluripotent stem cells from RTH patients to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological and cardiovascular consequences and correlate in vitro and clinical data, with the final goal to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring treatment of these rare diseases.

Conditions

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Resistance, Thyroid Hormone

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_ONLY

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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RTH Syndromes

Patients with THRA or THRB gene mutations

NGS sequencing

Intervention Type GENETIC

analysis of candidate genes for RTHs syndromes, transporters defects or gene involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in a minority of cases

serological tests

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

assessment of T4, T3 and other TH metabolites (LC-MS) in serum and dried blood spots

Interventions

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NGS sequencing

analysis of candidate genes for RTHs syndromes, transporters defects or gene involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in a minority of cases

Intervention Type GENETIC

serological tests

assessment of T4, T3 and other TH metabolites (LC-MS) in serum and dried blood spots

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\- biochemical signature suggestive of RTHs syndromes at birth (a) or symptoms suggestive of RTHs syndromes (b) or known diagnosis of RTHs syndromes (c)