The Effect of Breastfeeding Counseling on Social Support Perception, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Outcomes

NCT ID: NCT06266806

Last Updated: 2025-03-20

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 100 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-07-15
• Study Completion Date: 2025-06-30

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources Development Nurse Consultancy Program (EMÖZGEDAP), based on Dennis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory along with the hypno-breastfeeding philosophy given to mothers and family relatives, on social support perception, breastfeeding self-efficacy and outcomes. The study will involve pregnant women and close others assigned randomly to the intervention (n=50) or control (n=50) groups in a state hospital in Turkey. Individual counseling will be provided to the intervention group within the scope of the EMÖZGEDAP, based on Denis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy theory and hypnobreastfeeding philosophy. EMÖZGEDAP, which will be applied to pregnant women and their family relatives, will consist of 5 sessions lasting 7.5 hours (2 sessions with the woman and her family relatives, two sessions with the woman alone, and one with her family relatives alone). The Antenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale will be evaluated before the counseling program is given in the antepartum period. Breastfeeding and Nutrition Results, Postpartum Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale for Fathers, Assessment Scale for Perceived Support of Close Others in Relation to Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Scale of Perception of Close Others' Support For Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy will be evaluated at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postpartum.

Detailed Description

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend that babies start breastfeeding within the first hour after birth and be exclusively breastfed for the first six months. In this situation, the baby is not given any other food or liquid, including water, defined as "full breastfeeding." Breastfeeding schemes were developed by Labbok and Krosovec in 1990 to ensure consistency in research. According to this scheme, breastfeeding methods are divided into full, partial, and symbolic, according to the baby's nutritional characteristics. According to the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TNSA, 2018) data, 98% of children are breastfed at some point, and 42% receive food other than breast milk in the pre-lacteal (before breastfeeding) period. In Turkey, 71% of children under two are breastfed within the first hour after birth, and only 41% of babies under six months are exclusively breastfed.

Self-efficacy is an essential factor in breastfeeding at the desired level. Influenced by Bandura's definition of self-efficacy, Cindy-Lee Dennis developed the "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Theory" by identifying the sources and influencing factors of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Perception. According to Dennis and Faux, a mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy includes whether she breastfeeds her baby, how much time she spends caring for her baby, her thoughts about breastfeeding, and her ability to cope with emotional difficulties during breastfeeding. Mothers with high self-efficacy encourage themselves to face challenges and try to solve events by thinking positively. These mothers prefer breastfeeding more, are more courageous, and act ultimately when they experience difficulties. Mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy is affected by four primary sources of information: The mother's previous experiences regarding breastfeeding, the examples the mother sees from others regarding breastfeeding, the support of the environment regarding breastfeeding, and the mother's psychological state regarding breastfeeding. Healthcare personnel should influence these factors to improve self-efficacy. Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy has been identified as an important modifiable factor for successful breastfeeding.

Various factors, such as breastfeeding self-efficacy and social support, affect the sustainability of breastfeeding. The studies stated that social and especially spousal support is adequate for successful breastfeeding and the mother's decision to breastfeed early at birth. According to some studies, those with more social support have higher breastfeeding self-efficacy rates. The studies emphasized that family support is an essential factor in encouraging breastfeeding. The failure of family members to provide adequate breastfeeding support and information to women resulted in the use of formula. It is stated that the older generation, especially the baby's grandmother or paternal grandmother, plays a central role in various aspects of pregnancy decision-making and child-rearing within the family structure. A study conducted among mothers-in-law in Nepal found that mothers-in-law "view themselves as key providers and decision makers of perinatal care practices." Therefore, the woman needs to receive support from her social circle through participation and encouragement during breastfeeding.

Hypnobreastfeeding is a relaxation technique that helps improve the breastfeeding process by holistically caring for the mind, body, and spirit of breastfeeding mothers. Hypnobreastfeeding produces positive feedback by making the mother more relaxed, calm, and comfortable during breastfeeding, that is, an increase in the release of oxytocin and prolactin by the pituitary. In the hypnobreastfeeding philosophy, affirmation, relaxation, imagination, and visualization positively affect the subconscious. When the positive affirmations provided by hypnobreastfeeding are placed in the subconscious, they automatically affect daily life and actions and increase mothers' self-confidence. Therefore, hypnobreastfeeding is suitable for creating positive intention and motivation in breastfeeding, reducing anxiety and stress, maximizing the amount and quality of breast milk, increasing mother-baby bonding, and accelerating the involution process.

Conditions

Breastfeeding, Exclusive; Nurse's Role; Self Efficacy

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: SUPPORTIVE_CARE
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

Control Group

The control group will not receive individual counseling; they will go through the hospital's routine monitoring and counseling process.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Intervention Group

Individual counseling will be provided to the intervention group within the scope of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources Developing Nurse Consultancy Program (EMÖZGEDAP), based on Denis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy theory and hypnobreastfeeding philosophy. EMÖZGEDAP, which will be applied to pregnant women and their family relatives, will consist of 5 sessions lasting 7.5 hours (2 sessions with the woman and her family relatives, two sessions with the woman alone, and one with her family relatives alone).

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Nurse Consultancy Program to Develop Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources Developing Nurse Consultancy Program (EMÖZGEDAP) was developed based on Denis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy theory along with the hypnobreastfeeding philosophy. In the individual counseling program focusing on the philosophy of hypnobreastfeeding, it will be emphasized that breastfeeding is an intuitive, natural, and unique process. Techniques such as affirmations, breathing exercises, relaxation, endorphin, serotonin, and oxytocin-enhancing practices will be used. Concepts from Dennis' breastfeeding self-efficacy theory will be integrated into the training program. The individual counseling program will be carried out by adult education criteria, methods such as slide presentation, three-dimensional models, video, role-play, peer opinions with positive breastfeeding experiences, case discussion, and question and answer will be used.

Interventions

Nurse Consultancy Program to Develop Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Resources Developing Nurse Consultancy Program (EMÖZGEDAP) was developed based on Denis's Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy theory along with the hypnobreastfeeding philosophy. In the individual counseling program focusing on the philosophy of hypnobreastfeeding, it will be emphasized that breastfeeding is an intuitive, natural, and unique process. Techniques such as affirmations, breathing exercises, relaxation, endorphin, serotonin, and oxytocin-enhancing practices will be used. Concepts from Dennis' breastfeeding self-efficacy theory will be integrated into the training program. The individual counseling program will be carried out by adult education criteria, methods such as slide presentation, three-dimensional models, video, role-play, peer opinions with positive breastfeeding experiences, case discussion, and question and answer will be used.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Being 18 years or older,
• 28-37. be between weeks,
• Being primiparous,
• Having a healthy singleton pregnancy,
• Being at least a primary school graduate,
• Living with his/her spouse,
• There is a relative who will support the mother, whom she defines as a relative (spouse, the woman's mother, or mother-in-law), and this person also agrees to participate in the study,
• There is no condition that prevents breastfeeding for the mother and the baby (medication use, history of any psychiatric or chronic disease, history of any disease in the baby such as cleft palate-lip, etc.),

Exclusion Criteria

• Not filling out the forms in the study or filling them incompletely,
• The participant wishes to leave the research,
• The emergence of a condition that prevents breastfeeding in the mother and baby,
• Moving from the city where the work is done or moving out of the town,
• Family support is for less than 1 month,

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Ondokuz Mayıs University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Hümeyra TÜLEK DENİZ

Lecturer

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Özen KULAKAÇ, Professor

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Locations

Kars Harakani State Hospital

Kars, Center, Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

Hümeyra TÜLEK DENİZ, MSc

Role: CONTACT

humeyra.tulek@gmail.com

0 474 242 68 40 ext. 5035

Facility Contacts

Kars Harakani State Hospital

Role: primary

karsdhs3@saglik.gov.tr

+090 474 212 56 68

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Study Documents

Document Type: Article

Kilci Erciyas, Ş., Sevil, Ü. (2021). Laktasyonu Arttıran Yöntemler: Hipnoemzirme. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(3), 229-234.

View Document

Document Type: Article

Dini, P.R., Suwondo, A., Hardjanti, T.S., Hadisaputro, S. (2017). The effect of hypnobreastfeeding and oxytocin massage on breastmilk production in postpartum. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 5(10), 28600-4. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i10.19.

View Document

Document Type: Article

Sari, L., Salimo, H., Budihastuti, U.R. (2017). Optimizing the combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding for breast milk production among post-partum mothers. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 1(1), 20-29.

View Document

Document Type: Thesis

Altıparmak S. (2021). Hipnoemzirme ve Oksitosin Masajının Primiparlarda Emzirme Motivasyonu, Yetersiz Süt Algısı, Bağlanma ve Uterus İnvolüsyon Sürecine Etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ebelik Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Malatya.

View Document

Document Type: Article

Duman FN, Gölbaşı Z. Türkiye'de Emzirme Eğitiminin Annelerin Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Düzeyine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. TJFMPC. 2022;16(1):140-5.

View Document

Document Type: Article

Yalçınöz Baysal, H, Türkoğlu, N., \& Küçükoğlu, S. Sağlıklı ve Hasta Bebeği Olan Annelerin Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Algılarının Karşılaştırılması. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi, 2014; 4(1):31-36.

View Document

Related Links

http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf

Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırmaları (2018)

http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79198/1/9789241505307_eng.pdf?ua=1

World Health Organisation. 2013. Long-term Effects of Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review.

Other Identifiers

OndokusMU55

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id