Interoception and Body Scan

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE1/PHASE2

Total Enrollment

48 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-07-26

Study Completion Date

2023-08-21

Brief Summary

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Body scan meditation has been assumed to be an interoceptive intervention, and the evidence for its effects on interoceptive processes is unclear. Although this mindfulness based exercise typically involves focusing on some interoceptive signals such as breath, it also involves other bodily cues, such as somatosensory cues. The present study aimed to (1) investigate the feasibility of three online delivered mindfulness practices that differ in the signals targeted: visceral body scan (VBS), somatosensory body scan (SBS), and external (non body) meditation (ECM), and (2) gain insight into the potentially different effects of these interventions on interoceptive and other psychological outcomes in order to inform future full scale randomized controlled trials (RCT).

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Healthy

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The investigators tested two different versions of the body scan (meditation practice), one focused on visceral signals -visceral body scan (VBS)- and the other on somatosensory signals -somatosensory body scan (SBS)- in comparison to an exteroceptive, non-body focused, control condition -external control meditation (ECM)-. To do so, an online approach was conducted, as it has been proved to be an effective strategy, while being more widely accessible and reducing costs and time.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Visceral Body Scan (VBS)

The VBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to visceral sensations in the cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. These physiological systems were chosen because most of the paradigms developed in the literature to assess interoception focus on them (Khalsa et al., and they are widely recognized in the literature as interoceptive senses (Nord \& Garfinkel, 2022)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Visceral body scan (VBS)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The VBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to visceral sensations in the cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. These physiological systems were chosen because most of the paradigms developed in the literature to assess interoception focus on them (Khalsa et al., and they are widely recognized in the literature as interoceptive senses (Nord \& Garfinkel, 2022)

Somatosensory body scan (SBS)

The SBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to tactile (e.g., itching) and musculoskeletal (e.g. g., tension) sensations in different parts of the body, namely, the head and neck, back, arms, and legs. Body scan exercises typically focus on these types of bodily cues (in addition to breathing) (Williams, 2010).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Somatosensory body scan (SBS)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The SBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to tactile (e.g., itching) and musculoskeletal (e.g. g., tension) sensations in different parts of the body, namely, the head and neck, back, arms, and legs. Body scan exercises typically focus on these types of bodily cues (in addition to breathing) (Williams, 2010).

External control meditation (ECM)

The ECM consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to external stimuli, including sounds and visual properties of the environment

Group Type SHAM_COMPARATOR

External control meditation (ECM)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The ECM consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to external stimuli, including sounds and visual properties of the environment.

Interventions

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Visceral body scan (VBS)

The VBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to visceral sensations in the cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. These physiological systems were chosen because most of the paradigms developed in the literature to assess interoception focus on them (Khalsa et al., and they are widely recognized in the literature as interoceptive senses (Nord \& Garfinkel, 2022)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Somatosensory body scan (SBS)

The SBS consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to tactile (e.g., itching) and musculoskeletal (e.g. g., tension) sensations in different parts of the body, namely, the head and neck, back, arms, and legs. Body scan exercises typically focus on these types of bodily cues (in addition to breathing) (Williams, 2010).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

External control meditation (ECM)

The ECM consisted of a mindfulness exercise designed to bring awareness to external stimuli, including sounds and visual properties of the environment.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Interoceptive body scan Interoceptive meditation practice Exteroceptive body scan Somatosensory meditation practice Non-body meditation practice Visual and auditory mindfulness exercise

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age over 18
* being Spanish or English speakers
* Ability to use a computer or smartphone
* Daily access to computer or smartphone with an Internet connection

Exclusion Criteria

* Being diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder (e.g., substance abuse, eating disorder, psychotic disorder)
* Severe visual or auditory difficulties that cannot be corrected with glasses or auditory aids
* Having a medical condition that prevents participation in this study
* Changes in psychotropic medication during the study
* Having been exposed to any extremely traumatic event that is being re-experienced or interfering during the last month
* Body image-related difficulties as indicated by scores above 3 on the Body Image as Source of Shame questionnaire.
* Regular meditation practice in the current moment

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes