Nutritional Intervention to Enhance Recovery After Arthroscopic Knee Surgery in Adults

NCT ID: NCT06233825

Last Updated: 2025-11-20

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-02-01
• Study Completion Date: 2025-10-14

Brief Summary

Loss of skeletal muscle mass (atrophy) and strength in the lower limb are consequences of elective knee surgery as result of prolonged disuse from limb immobilization and impaired mobility, as well as pathophysiological trauma. The highest rates of skeletal muscle mass and strength loss occur during the 2-week post-surgery period, considered the early phase of outpatient recovery. Alternative to resistance exercise and pharmacology, nutritional intervention represents one strategy to combat skeletal muscle disuse atrophy.

Essential amino acids (EAA) and omega-3 fatty acids are known to independently potentiate rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy in humans. However, the combined actions these nutritional strategies on skeletal muscle have not been explored in a pathophysiological context, such as surgery. With the ultimate goal to test the efficacy of the combined nutritional strategy to attenuate skeletal muscle disuse atrophy in the future, the aim of this present pilot study is to explore the feasibility of recruitment and retention of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) outpatients from a single centre across 18 months for a 6-week nutritional intervention. Participants will consume either an intervention of omega-3 fatty acids and EAAs, or a placebo control of safflower oil and non-essential amino acids (NEAA), for 4 weeks before and 2 weeks after elective ACLR surgery. Furthermore, this pilot will characterize secondary outcomes of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and power, and integrated rates of muscle protein synthesis, as well as report participant adherence to protocols and incidence of adverse events.

Detailed Description

Over their lifespan, many individuals experience episodes of skeletal muscle-disuse due to illness, injury, or elective surgery. Periods of prolonged skeletal muscle disuse, such after ACLR, result in the loss of skeletal muscle mass (atrophy) and strength. Skeletal muscle disuse precipitates several metabolic and functional impairments. Importantly, as the Canadian health care system shifts towards day surgeries and outpatient settings as opposed to in-hospital care, the development of patient-led strategies to mitigate skeletal muscle disuse atrophy has become increasingly vital.

For most ACLR outpatients, resistance exercise is not feasible in the immediate 2-week post-surgical period, during which the rates of skeletal muscle mass and strength loss are highest. Outside of pharmacology, nutrition represents one alternative strategy to combat skeletal muscle-disuse atrophy during this time. Previous work reported that daily supplementation with EAA prior to and after total knee arthroplasty surgery attenuated skeletal muscle atrophy and enhanced recovery of functional mobility in adults. Similarly, chronic daily supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids reduced declines in quadriceps volume in healthy, young women during single-leg immobilization. This finding complemented previous work in which supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids potentiated muscle protein synthesis rates in response to an hyperaminoacidemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, but not fasting rates in healthy younger, middle-aged, and older adults, while it additionally improved skeletal muscle strength and power. Together, these data suggest that combined intake of omega-3 fatty acids and EAAs may be an effective strategy to combat skeletal muscle-disuse atrophy, and perhaps loss of skeletal muscle strength, in response to ACLR.

Whilst there is a growing body of literature to promote EAA and omega-3 fatty acids as anabolic stimuli, no work has explored the combined effect of these nutritional strategies in the pathophysiological context of surgery. Nutritional strategies represent an accessible treatment for skeletal muscle disuse atrophy that is independent of patient age, mobility, or current health status, which could prove favourable for surgical outpatients, as well as individuals experiencing periods of prolonged immobilization or bed rest. The future goal of this design is to test efficacy of the combined nutritional strategy of daily omega-3 fatty acid and EAA supplementation to attenuate of skeletal muscle disuse atrophy following elective knee surgery. However, the aim of the present randomized controlled pilot trial is to explore the feasibility of recruitment and retention of adult ACLR outpatients from a single centre across 18 months for a protocol that prescribes combination omega-3 fatty acid and EAA supplementation vs. a calorie- and nitrogen-matched placebo control supplement 4 weeks before and 2 weeks after ACLR surgery. This pilot will also characterize measurements of skeletal muscle volume, strength, and function, and integrated rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, as well as report participant adherence to protocols and the incidence of adverse events. The investigators envisage that the data generated from this trial will be used to inform the future large scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will examine the effect of the combined nutritional intervention on skeletal muscle volume and functional outcomes in response to ACLR. The results of future work may inform clinical practice and outpatient care guidelines to minimize loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in response to elective surgery.

Conditions

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction; Muscular Atrophy

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Nutritional Intervention

5 g omega-3 fatty acids (3.75 g eicosapentaenoic acid \[EPA\] + 1.25 g docosahexaenoic acid \[DHA\]) per day for 6 weeks, starting 4 weeks before and continuing 2 weeks after surgery, plus 40 g (2 x 20 g) of EAA per day, starting 1 week before and continuing 2 weeks after surgery.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Essential Amino Acids

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Oil consumed as capsules. EAA come as powder to be mixed with water before drinking. 4 g of leucine per EAA dose.

Placebo Control

5 g safflower oil per day for 6 weeks, starting 4 weeks before and continuing 2 weeks after surgery, plus 40 g (2 x 20 g) of NEAA per day, starting 1 week before and continuing 2 weeks after surgery.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Safflower Oil and Non-Essential Amino Acids

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Oil consumed as capsules. NEAA are isonitrogenous to intervention condition. Both supplement types are isoenergetic to intervention. NEAA come as powder to be mixed with water before drinking.

Interventions

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Essential Amino Acids

Oil consumed as capsules. EAA come as powder to be mixed with water before drinking. 4 g of leucine per EAA dose.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Safflower Oil and Non-Essential Amino Acids

Oil consumed as capsules. NEAA are isonitrogenous to intervention condition. Both supplement types are isoenergetic to intervention. NEAA come as powder to be mixed with water before drinking.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

Fish Oil

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament injury requiring reconstruction surgery
• Surgery in Kingston, ON
• Patellar tendon graft, quadriceps tendon graft, or hamstring tendon graft reconstruction procedure

Exclusion Criteria

• Any muscular, neurological, respiratory, or metabolic disease, subject to investigators' discernment, would negatively affect the subject's ability to comply with the study requirements
• Any form of cancer currently or in the last 5 years
• Bleeding disorders or antiplatelet / anticoagulation therapy
• Currently taking fish oils or within the last 6 months
• Regular consumption (≥ 2x week) of fish oil or oily fish in the last 6 months
• Allergy or sensitivity to fish, shellfish or safflower oils
• Currently taking any form of steroid or within the last 6 months
• Medical inability to attain magnetic resonance imaging scans
• Known irregular responses to physical activity (e.g., shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, etc.)
• Surgery scheduled outside of research centre
• Scheduled surgery date < 5 weeks away
• Pregnant or plans to become pregnant within the next 6 months
• Any current illness that impacts ability to participate in protocols

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Dr. Chris McGlory, PhD

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Dr. Chris McGlory, PhD

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Chris McGlory, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Queen's University

Locations

Queen's University

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Countries

Canada

References

Nyman DLE, Pufahl CJ, Hickey OGV, Stokes T, Simpson CA, Selinger JC, Mathur S, Janssen I, Giangregorio LM, Bardana DD, McGlory C. Nutritional intervention to enhance recovery after arthroscopic knee surgery in adults: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2024 Nov 12;10(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s40814-024-01561-w.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 39533408 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

6038901

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id