Avocado Consumption, Nutrients in Human Milk, and Infant Cognitive Development

NCT ID: NCT06208085

Last Updated: 2025-03-11

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 88 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-02-08
• Study Completion Date: 2028-12-31

Brief Summary

The goal of this interventional study is to establish a whole food, avocado, as a viable study material to supplement mothers and infants with nutrients that support optimal brain development. Eighty-eight breastfeeding dyads, 3m postnatal, will participate in this study designed to:

1. To document whether lactating mothers will comply in the consumption of 5 avocados a week for 12 weeks.

2. To ascertain the choline, lutein, and fatty acids present in human milk in women who eat avocado.

3. To measure the cognitive advantage conferred to infants whose mothers consume avocados while breastfeeding compared to a non-avocado-eating reference group.

To this end, healthy, lactating women who are 13 weeks postpartum and their infants will be enrolled. Mothers will be provided avocados on a bi-weekly basis and will be asked to consume an avocado a day. Infant cognition will be tested when the infants are 4.5 and 6 months of age. Milk samples and diet data will be collected and assayed on a bi-weekly basis.

Detailed Description

Nutrients do not appear in nature alone with some appearing together more often than not. It is reasonable to posit that nutrients are working together, and thus, the synergies among the nutrients are important to understand. First, choline is integral to brain fatty acids in that phosphatidylcholine (PC) serves an active role in mediating hepatic export of fatty acids to extra-hepatic tissues such as brain: fatty acids are stored in the liver, and PC moves them to the brain. Erythrocyte PC-DHA is integral to our consideration of a potential mechanism behind our results. Enriched in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PC comprises the cell membrane and influences membrane fluidity with downstream effects on signal transduction thereby improving speed of processing and recognition memory. Lutein has a very important role also in that it is known to co-localize with DHA specifically resulting in improvements in visual acuity, for example, and in general, it has been shown to protect fatty acids from peroxidation. Indeed, interventions with avocado have shown a significant increase in plasma lutein and a decrease in lipid peroxidation. It is hypothesized that lutein is also having this effect in the brain. As work with single nutrient supplementation does not yield strong cognitive effects, the investigators study the effects of co-occurring nutrients on cognitive development. The proposed study is designed to achieve an overall objective of establishing a whole food, avocado, as a viable study material in the pursuit of optimization of human milk with nutrients that support brain development. The long-term goal is to establish guidelines for maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation that include key nutrients for fetal and infant brain development, and the overall impact of this research program will be to set children on a trajectory for school readiness. The central hypothesis is that maternal avocado consumption will provide nutrients through human milk to support the development and function of neural substrates that support cognition. Specifically, choline, lutein, and fatty acids will work synergistically to improve brain function.

Mothers will be randomized to avocado or no avocado (due to lack of an appropriate control food). Participants will come to the lab 3 times across 6 months (enrollment/3months, 4.5 months, and 6 months). Milk sample will be provided every two weeks and will be picked up from the participants. At pickup, the avocado group will also be provided a new supply of avocados. Diet data will be collected at each visit/pickup (every two weeks). The infant will complete a recognition memory test using electrophysiology at 6 months as well as the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 4.5 months. The mother will complete a temperament questionnaire at 3 and 6 months. Saliva samples will also be collected.

Conditions

Breastfeeding, Exclusive

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Avocado

Participants will be provided avocados and asked to consume an avocado a day for 12 weeks.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Avocado

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Intervention arm

No Avocado

Comparison arm in which no intervention occurs.

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Avocado

Intervention arm

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Healthy lactating women at 13 weeks postpartum
• Planning to exclusively breastfeed to 6 months of age
• Gave birth at 38 weeks or greater gestation without remarkable incident
• Pre-pregnancy BMI <30

Exclusion Criteria

• Gestational diabetes
• Infant with diagnosis or documented suspicion of developmental delay
• Any documented seizure activity in infant
• Family history of avocado, latex, or banana allergies

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Avocado Nutrition Center

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Carol L Cheatham, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Locations

Nutrition Research Institute

Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Carol L Cheatham, Ph.D.

Role: CONTACT

carol_cheatham@unc.edu

704-250-5010

Study Coordinator

Role: CONTACT

feedingbrains@unc.edu

704-250-5018

Facility Contacts

Brandi Childers

Role: primary

brandi_childers@unc.edu

704-250-5005

Other Identifiers

23-2933

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id