Long Term Follow-up of the TREOCAPA Study (TREOCAPA-LT)
NCT ID: NCT06064825
Last Updated: 2025-04-04
Study Results
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Basic Information
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RECRUITING
500 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2023-12-12
2027-06-30
Brief Summary
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The TREOCAPA-LT primary hypothesis is that there will be improved cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age in children born at less than 29 weeks of gestational age who were treated with paracetamol during the first 5 days of life in the TREOCAPA phase III trial.
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Detailed Description
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The use of a medication with an effect on PDA and that has fewer adverse effects is therefore desirable. Early treatment of PDA with paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been proposed as an alternative to COX inhibitors. According to a recent meta-analysis, use of paracetamol has a comparable effectiveness to close a PDA, and fewer harmful effects. However, only few extremely preterm infants were included in this meta-analysis. Therefore, efficacy and safety of paracetamol for PDA treatment in this population required further studies.
The ongoing pan-European TREOCAPA phase III study (NCT04459117) is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial that assesses prophylactic use of paracetamol to improve survival without severe neonatal morbidity until discharge from hospital in infants of 23-28 weeks of gestational age.12 The trial has been powered to identify an absolute difference of 10% in the primary outcome, survival without severe neonatal morbidity (defined as any of: bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3 according to National Institute of Health criteria, necrotising enterocolitis stage 2 or 3 using Bell's criteria, intraventricular haemorrhage grade III or IV using the classification of Papile et al, or any evidence of cystic periventricular leukomalacia), corresponding to an increase from 50% to 60% in the rate between groups at hospital discharge. It aims to recruit 398 infants born at 27-28 weeks of gestation, and 396 infants born at 23-26 weeks of gestation. The first patients were recruited in October 2020 and the recruitment period is anticipated to last until April 2024 at the latest.
The TREOCAPA phase III trial is ambitious and innovative in its scope, including more than 40 hospitals in 16 countries. However, long-term follow-up was not included in the TREOCAPA protocol. The follow-up of infants enrolled in clinical trials enables to measure the long-term effectiveness and safety of interventions performed in the neonatal period. In particular for exposition to paracetamol in the neonatal period, data from randomized studies are very limited, while long-term adverse effects of paracetamol, including notably behavioral problems, have been raised. There is hence a need to understand longer term outcomes for the infants enrolled in this study, as these longer-term endpoints correspond to important patient-valued outcomes and are critical to determining the comparative effectiveness of interventions. The working hypothesis, if the intervention has a positive impact on short-term endpoints, is that longer term outcomes will be better in the intervention group, reflecting reduced morbidity at discharge home from the neonatal hospitalisation.
As long-term follow-up was not planned by the TREOCAPA phase III protocol, TREOCAPA-LT study will use an existing European research infrastructure, the RECAP Preterm platform to follow-up patients enrolled in the TREOCAPA cohort at 2 years of corrected age. This platform federates 23 European longitudinal observational cohorts of children born very preterm. The platform includes expertise, tools and infrastructure to follow patients enrolled in trials. By integrating trial follow-up in this platform, it is also possible to compare patients enrolled in the TREOCAPA trial with those from population-based samples, allowing assessment of transportability of trial results.
Follow-up at 2 years of age is recommended as the focus for the first phase of long-term outcome monitoring and has become the de facto age which is used in many published and ongoing clinical trials. Furthermore, many hospital services provide follow-up for their patients until at least 2 years of age, and research contact with the families at this point provides an opportunity to maintain contact and demonstrate to patients the ongoing importance of their involvement in the study.
The TREOCAPA-LT primary hypothesis is that there will be improved cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age in children born at less than 29 weeks of gestational age who were treated with paracetamol during the first 5 days of life in the TREOCAPA trial.
Secondary hypotheses are that, among children treated with paracetamol/acetaminophen during the first 5 days of life:
1. There will be reduced moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment, defined as the presence of at least one of the following: PARCA-R non-verbal cognitive score less than two standard deviations below the mean (score \<70) moderate-severe motor impairment, unilateral or bilateral deafness or blindness.
2. There will be reduced need for secondary hospitalisations following the initial neonatal hospitalisation.
3. There will be reduced long term health care utilisation costs associated with extremely preterm birth.
Secondary hypotheses also relate to the use of the RECAP Preterm platform of observational VPT cohorts in this study. These are that:
1. As a trial population, the children born VPT included in the TREOCAPA-LT study will differ from those included in population-based observational cohorts in their perinatal characteristics and possibly in their health and developmental outcomes.
2. That these differences in population characteristics can affect the transportability of the trial results to other populations of VPT infants.
Conditions
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Study Design
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COHORT
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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patients received the investigational medicinal product acetaminophen in their first 5 days of life
This group of patients received the investigational product in their first 5 days of life during the Treocapa trial
2 year follow-up of neurodevelopment using a parental questionnaire
A parental questionnaire, using the PARCA-R instrument, is given to measure cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age for children included in the Treocapa Trial
patients received the placebo (NaCl) in their first 5 days of life
This group of patients received the placebo in their first 5 days of life during the Treocapa trial
2 year follow-up of neurodevelopment using a parental questionnaire
A parental questionnaire, using the PARCA-R instrument, is given to measure cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age for children included in the Treocapa Trial
Interventions
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2 year follow-up of neurodevelopment using a parental questionnaire
A parental questionnaire, using the PARCA-R instrument, is given to measure cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age for children included in the Treocapa Trial
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* are aged between 23.5 and 27.5 months corrected age during the study period
Exclusion Criteria
* if the child's vital status cannot be ascertained
* if the child is nearing the end of his life or experiencing a severe medical event as assessed by the local investigator
* if the child has become subject to a legal protection measure preventing their ongoing participation in clinical research
* if either parent or guardian opts out of participating
* language barrier
23 Months
27 Months
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France
OTHER_GOV
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Jennifer Zeitlin
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France
Locations
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CHU d'Angers
Angers, , France
Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant
Bron, , France
CHU de Montpellier
Montpellier, , France
CHU de Nantes
Nantes, , France
Cochin - APHP
Paris, , France
Hopital Robert Debré
Paris, , France
CHU de Strasbourg
Strasbourg, , France
CHU de Tours
Tours, , France
Countries
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Central Contacts
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Facility Contacts
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Marion Plourde
Role: primary
Kim An Nguyen
Role: primary
Gilles Cambonie
Role: primary
Cyril Flamant
Role: primary
Juliana Patkai
Role: primary
Valérie Biran
Role: primary
Pierre Kuhn
Role: primary
Antoine Bouissou
Role: primary
References
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Hamrick SEG, Sallmon H, Rose AT, Porras D, Shelton EL, Reese J, Hansmann G. Patent Ductus Arteriosus of the Preterm Infant. Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5):e20201209. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-1209.
Mitra S, de Boode WP, Weisz DE, Shah PS. Interventions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Apr 11;4(4):CD013588. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013588.pub2.
Fowlie PW, Davis PG, McGuire W. Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jul 7;2010(7):CD000174. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000174.pub2.
Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS. Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 28;9(9):CD003481. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003481.pub7.
Kluckow M, Jeffery M, Gill A, Evans N. A randomised placebo-controlled trial of early treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014 Mar;99(2):F99-F104. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304695. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Roze JC, Cambonie G, Le Thuaut A, Debillon T, Ligi I, Gascoin G, Patkai J, Beuchee A, Favrais G, Flamant C, Durrmeyer X, Clyman R. Effect of Early Targeted Treatment of Ductus Arteriosus with Ibuprofen on Survival Without Cerebral Palsy at 2 Years in Infants with Extreme Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr. 2021 Jun;233:33-42.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.008. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
Liebowitz M, Clyman RI. Prophylactic Indomethacin Compared with Delayed Conservative Management of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants: Effects on Neonatal Outcomes. J Pediatr. 2017 Aug;187:119-126.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
Roze JC, Cambonie G, Marchand-Martin L, Gournay V, Durrmeyer X, Durox M, Storme L, Porcher R, Ancel PY; Hemodynamic EPIPAGE 2 Study Group. Association Between Early Screening for Patent Ductus Arteriosus and In-Hospital Mortality Among Extremely Preterm Infants. JAMA. 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2441-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.6734.
Clyman RI, Liebowitz M, Kaempf J, Erdeve O, Bulbul A, Hakansson S, Lindqvist J, Farooqi A, Katheria A, Sauberan J, Singh J, Nelson K, Wickremasinghe A, Dong L, Hassinger DC, Aucott SW, Hayashi M, Heuchan AM, Carey WA, Derrick M, Fernandez E, Sankar M, Leone T, Perez J, Serize A; PDA-TOLERATE (PDA: TO LEave it alone or Respond And Treat Early) Trial Investigators. PDA-TOLERATE Trial: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial of Treatment of Moderate-to-Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus at 1 Week of Age. J Pediatr. 2019 Feb;205:41-48.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.012. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
Jasani B, Mitra S, Shah PS. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Dec 15;12(12):CD010061. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010061.pub5.
Marlow N, Doyle LW, Anderson P, Johnson S, Bhatt-Mehta V, Natalucci G, Darlow BA, Davis JM, Turner MA; International Neonatal Consortium (INC). Assessment of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome following trials of medicinal products in newborn infants. Pediatr Res. 2019 Nov;86(5):567-572. doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0526-1. Epub 2019 Aug 9.
Masarwa R, Levine H, Gorelik E, Reif S, Perlman A, Matok I. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis of Cohort Studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Aug 1;187(8):1817-1827. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy086.
Baker BH, Lugo-Candelas C, Wu H, Laue HE, Boivin A, Gillet V, Aw N, Rahman T, Lepage JF, Whittingstall K, Bellenger JP, Posner J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA. Association of Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Measured in Meconium With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Mediated by Frontoparietal Network Brain Connectivity. JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Nov 1;174(11):1073-1081. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3080.
Inoue K, Ritz B, Ernst A, Tseng WL, Yuan Y, Meng Q, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Strandberg-Larsen K, Arah OA, Obel C, Li J, Olsen J, Liew Z. Behavioral Problems at Age 11 Years After Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Acetaminophen: Parent-Reported and Self-Reported Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2021 Jun 1;190(6):1009-1020. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa257.
Johnson S, Bountziouka V, Brocklehurst P, Linsell L, Marlow N, Wolke D, Manktelow BN. Standardisation of the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R): a norm-referenced assessment of cognitive and language development at age 2 years. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Oct;3(10):705-712. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30189-0. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
Draper ES, Zeitlin J, Manktelow BN, Piedvache A, Cuttini M, Edstedt Bonamy AK, Maier R, Koopman-Esseboom C, Gadzinowski J, Boerch K, van Reempts P, Varendi H, Johnson SJ; EPICE group. EPICE cohort: two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes after very preterm birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2020 Jul;105(4):350-356. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317418. Epub 2019 Nov 5.
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Other Identifiers
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2023-A01418-37
Identifier Type: REGISTRY
Identifier Source: secondary_id
C23-31
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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