Impact of Insulin Deprivation and Hyperglycemia on Plasma Protein Synthesis in People With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

70 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-12-01

Study Completion Date

2028-08-31

Brief Summary

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This research is being done to better understand how insulin effects muscle, blood, and the body in people with Type 1 Diabetes.

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Detailed Description

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Insulin's contribution in controlling glucose homeostasis has been well appreciated but, its role in maintaining proteome homeostasis is less understood. Some animal and human studies have demonstrated that insulin signaling regulates protein synthesis and degradation as well as posttranslational modifications at the tissue level. Insulin's effect on the muscle's mitochondrial proteo-stasis has also been elucidated. Insulin deprivation increases global synthesis of splanchnic proteins based on isotope dilution studies across splanchnic bed. Most plasma proteins are derived from liver and preliminary studies suggest that synthesis rates of some plasma proteins increase while others decrease. Fractional rates of synthesis of various plasma proteins from the liver have been demonstrated in insulin deprivation state. These proteins might be implicated in the development of some of the complications from diabetes mellitus type 1. (T1DM) especially of macrovascular. Researchers have recently developed an isotope-based methodology to simultaneously measure in vivo synthesis rates of multiple plasma proteins in human.

In order to further investigate the effects of insulin deprivation researchers will apply the novel non-radioactive stable isotope-based approach on the rate of different plasma protein synthesis in T1DM and Diabetes after total pancreatectomy (DATP) in comparison with non-diabetic controls. Researchers will study pancreatectomized people because like T1DM they also are insulin deficient but unlike pancreatectomized people also are deficient in glucagon. Some tantalizing data from many studies indicate that glucagon also have catabolic effect not only on liver derived proteins but also on skeletal muscle-based proteins. Since skeletal muscle has no glucagon receptors, researchers hypothesize that unknown factors are released to the circulation that act on skeletal muscle to release amino acids for consumption in liver. Researchers will measure amino metabolites, acyl carnitines, organic acids, and ceramides in plasma and determine the blood exosome cargo by mass spectrometry-proteins and lipids and miRNA by PCR.

Researchers have previously shown reduced muscle mitochondrial ATP production during insulin deprivation in both T1D humans and diabetic mice and here researchers will measure mitochondrial energy dynamics in all study participants by the established techniques available in our lab.

Conditions

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Type 1 Diabetes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

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Muscle Biopsy

Needle muscle biopsy of the outer thigh muscle

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Jell-O with Amino acids

An amino acid mixture containing 13C6 Lysine isotope label

Intervention Type OTHER

Dextrose

Intravenous form of sugar

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\- Able to provide written consent.

* Able to provide written consent.
* T1DM treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) (not Degludec).

Exclusion Criteria

* BMI \< 20 or \> 32 kg/m\^2.
* Celiac disease.
* Pregnancy.
* Smoking.
* Reported history of illicit substance use.
* History of active cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease.
* Active renal disease evidenced by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \< 50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.
* Severe peripheral or autonomic neuropathy.
* Dementia or any other neurologic disease.
* Uncontrolled psychiatric disease.
* Any learning disability.
* Anemia.
* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥ 7 or TSH ≤ 7 and free T4 ≤ 0.9.
* Hemoglobin A1c \> 9.0%.
* Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), or impaired fasting glucose.
* Detectable C peptide.

* BMI \< 20 or \> 32 kg/m\^2.
* Celiac disease.
* Pregnancy.
* Smoking.
* Reported history of illicit substance use.
* History of active cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease.
* Active renal disease evidenced by estimated GFR \< 50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.
* Severe peripheral or autonomic neuropathy.
* Dementia or any other neurologic disease.
* Uncontrolled psychiatric disease.
* Any learning disability.
* Anemia.
* TSH ≥ 7 or TSH ≤ 7 and free T4 ≤ 0.9.
* T2DM, or impaired fasting glucose.

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes