Trial Outcomes & Findings for Unsweetened Sparkling Water and Changes in Sweetness Perception in Adolescents (NCT NCT05966870)
NCT ID: NCT05966870
Last Updated: 2025-02-12
Results Overview
Dietary consumption of SSB and Sparkling water were assessed using Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment (TADA) system, a mobile food record
TERMINATED
NA
22 participants
Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)
2025-02-12
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
11
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
11
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Unsweetened Sparkling Water and Changes in Sweetness Perception in Adolescents
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
19.9 years
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
11 participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because we were unable to complete in-person training due to the COVID pandemic, there was poor adoption of the TADA system during the COVID-19 pandemic, and valid/sufficient data collection was not completed for any of the participants.
Dietary consumption of SSB and Sparkling water were assessed using Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment (TADA) system, a mobile food record
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
Oral glucose tolerance testing will be performed in the morning after participants have undergone an overnight fast for 8 hours at baseline and Week 12. Blood samples will be obtained at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90,120 minutes, relative to ingestion of a glucose drink at a dose of 1.75 g/kg body weight (maximum 75 g glucose).
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
Fasting glucose will be measured after overnight fast for 8 hours, just prior to the initiation of the baseline oral glucose tolerance testing at Baseline and Week 12.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
HbA1c will be measured just prior to the initiation of the oral glucose tolerance testing at baseline and Week 12.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
For measures of insulin action, which takes into account serum glucose and insulin concentrations, serum fractions from the oral glucose tolerance tests will be frozen at -80 degrees C until analysis. The inverse of fasting insulin (1/fasting insulin) will be used as a surrogate estimate of whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
For measures of insulin action, which takes into account serum glucose and insulin concentrations, serum fractions from the oral glucose tolerance tests will be frozen at -80 degrees C until analysis. Early phase insulin secretion during the OGTT will be expressed as the insulinogenic index (IGI) or the ratio of the incremental response of insulin to glucose at 30 minutes of the OGTT (IGI30).
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
For measures of insulin action, which takes into account serum glucose and insulin concentrations, serum fractions from the oral glucose tolerance tests will be frozen at -80 degrees C until analysis. The oDI will be calculated as IGI30 × 1/fasting insulin.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
We will collect free-living, glucose measures for 6 consecutive days using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM; FreeStyle Libre Pro System; Abbott; Abbott Park, IL). The CGM will be administered to participants 6 days before the start of Week 0 and Week 12, and the monitor will be removed at the clinic visit. For the placement of the CGM, the back of the participant's upper arm will be cleaned with an alcohol wipe and dried. The sensor will be firmly adhered to the arm with the needle application inserted. The FreeStyle sensor measures glucose every 15 sec and records an average glucose value every 15 min for up to 14 days.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 0% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 0% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
-90 score on a scale
Interval -95.0 to -20.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 0% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
-75 score on a scale
Interval -90.0 to -25.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 1.8% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 1.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
-50 score on a scale
Interval -95.0 to -30.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 1.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
-20 score on a scale
Interval -95.0 to 0.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 2.8% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 2.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
-5 score on a scale
Interval -45.0 to 0.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 2.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
0 score on a scale
Interval -50.0 to 30.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 4.4% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 4.4% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
-10 score on a scale
Interval -50.0 to 50.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 4.4% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
5 score on a scale
Interval -45.0 to 60.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 6.8% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 6.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
30 score on a scale
Interval -5.0 to 100.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 6.8% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
60 score on a scale
Interval 5.0 to 100.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments, measured per JAR scale.
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 10.7% (weight per volume), and rated the beverage using a "Just About Right" (JAR) visual analog scale for sweetness perception. The JAR scale anchors at: -100, "Not sweet enough"; -50, "Slightly not sweet enough"; 0, "Just about right"; +50, "Slightly too sweet"; and +100 "Too sweet." In this scale, the greater the deviation from zero the more suboptimal the perception.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 10.7% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR pre intervention
|
60 score on a scale
Interval -5.0 to 100.0
|
|
Change in Flavor Perception of Beverage Sweetness - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 10.7% (Weight Per Volume)
JAR post intervention
|
80 score on a scale
Interval 65.0 to 95.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 0% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 0% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
-45 score on a scale
Interval -95.0 to 10.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 0% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
7 score on a scale
Interval -55.0 to 55.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 1.8% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 1.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
0 score on a scale
Interval -67.0 to 100.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 1.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
45 score on a scale
Interval -4.0 to 100.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 2.8% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 2.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
25 score on a scale
Interval -45.0 to 80.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 2.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
50 score on a scale
Interval -55.0 to 70.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 4.4% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 4.4% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
20 score on a scale
Interval -60.0 to 80.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 4.4% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
30 score on a scale
Interval -30.0 to 80.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 6.8% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 6.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
50 score on a scale
Interval -75.0 to 100.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 6.8% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
25 score on a scale
Interval -30.0 to 100.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: The analysis population included all participants who completed both the pre- and post-intervention assessments using the hedonic visual analog scale for liking
Participants consumed a test beverage with sugar concentration 10.7% (weight per volume) and rated the beverage for liking using a hedonic visual analog scale. This scale anchors at: -100, "Worst ever"; -50, "Dislike"; 0, "Neutral"; +50, "Like"; +100, "Best ever".
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
n=11 Participants
To encourage participants to substitute sparkling water flavored water for SSB intake, we will provide enough supplies of the drinks to adolescents (and their families) each month. We will also provide iPhones with the TADA app to the adolescent participants. Study staff will remind participants to consume the sparkling water through iMessages sent through the TADA app.
Unsweetened flavored sparkling water: Unsweetened sparkling waters are carbonated water with flavoring, completely unsweetened, which are commercially available in soda-like flavors like cola
|
|---|---|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 10.7% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating pre intervention
|
30 score on a scale
Interval -65.0 to 97.0
|
|
Change in Hedonic Visual Scale for Liking - Tested With a Beverage With Sugar Concentration 10.7% (Weight Per Volume)
Liking rating post intervention
|
35 score on a scale
Interval -70.0 to 70.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
Plasma triglyceride concentration will be measured.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
Blood pressure will be measured after 5 minutes of rest, on the right arm in the supine position.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Between 0 and 12 weeks (pre-testing was at week 0, post-testing at week 12)Population: Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data were not collected for this outcome measure (as in-person assessments were abandoned).
The distance around the waist will be measured.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
Adverse Events
Replacement of SSB With Unsweetened Sparkling Beverage
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place