Testing Tolerance in Cow Milk Protein Allergy Patients: Milk Ladder or Direct Milk Administration?

NCT ID: NCT05960045

Last Updated: 2025-05-07

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

116 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-07-01

Study Completion Date

2025-04-28

Brief Summary

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Majority of children outgrow their allergies, however there are two different methods to re-introduce milk products in the infant diet either direct milk intake in escalating doses or milk ladder, starting with baked milk products instead of pure milk.

This study aims to compare rate of tolerance after milk reintroduction among patient with cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) diagnosed by elimination re-challenge test after six months of elimination diet by milk ladder versus direct milk intake.

Detailed Description

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CMPA is an immunological response to one or more milk proteins. CMPA may be IgE mediated or Non-IgE mediated. It is one of the most frequent causes of food allergies in young children with an estimated prevalence between 1.9% and 4.9% in the first year of life.

CMPA has a good prognosis and cow milk is reintroduced in child diet. Natural history of CMPA shows heterogeneity and it is closely related to the clinical phenotype by which it was presented.

The timing and evaluation of developing tolerance is determined by clinical response to milk introduction.

When diagnosis of CMPA is confirmed, fresh pasteurized cow's milk can be used above 12 months of age in oral food challenge procedure, the starting dose should be lower than a dose that can induce a reaction and then increased step wise to 100ml, in children with mild to moderate reactions doses of 1ml, 3ml, 10ml, 30ml, and 100ml may be given at 30 minutes' intervals.

The milk ladder is an evidence-based plan to re-introduce milk products gradually and in stages for infants and children with mild to moderate cow's milk allergy, starting with food that contain only small amount of well-cooked milk and progressing towards uncooked dairy products and fresh milk. It's only started once child has been on a milk free diet for at least 6 months and they are completely well with no active eczema or gastro-intestinal symptoms.

Addition of baked- milk to the diet appears to accelerate the development of unheated-milk tolerance compared to strict avoidance, also its consumption is considered a form of immunotherapy with favorable safety, higher convenience, lower cost and less intensity when compared to oral immunotherapy. It's suggested to enhance the quality of life by removing unnecessary dietary restrictions and change the natural evaluation of milk allergy by promoting the development of tolerance to regular cow's milk.

Conditions

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Cow Milk Allergy Tolerance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

2 groups
Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Patients receiving direct milk antigen (Group A)

Patients with cow milk protein allergy after 6 month of elimination diet will receive direct milk antigen and will be followed up for 2 months for the development of any symptoms of milk intolerance

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Direct Milk antigen reintroduction

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Direct milk antigen re-introduction milk according to ESPGHAN guidelines

Patients subjected to gradual reintroduction of milk through a milk ladder (Group B)

Patient with cow milk protein allergy after 6 month of elimination diet will be offered indirect milk antigen through a ladder starting by baked milk products and will be followed up for also for 2 months to detect any symptoms of intolerance.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Milk ladder

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

B: Milk ladder according to the iMAP guideline which are 6 weeks of gradual reintroduction starting with baked milk not direct antigen

Interventions

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Direct Milk antigen reintroduction

Direct milk antigen re-introduction milk according to ESPGHAN guidelines

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Milk ladder

B: Milk ladder according to the iMAP guideline which are 6 weeks of gradual reintroduction starting with baked milk not direct antigen

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients age between 9 months old till 3 years old.
2. Patients with symptoms that suggest mild to moderate non IgE mediated Cow Milk Allergy
3. Patients on strict elimination diet for at least six months duration

Exclusion Criteria

Patient with:

* Chronic gastrointestinal disease (malabsorption, irritable bowel syndrome).
* Multiple food allergy and/or history of anaphylaxis.
* Ongoing eczema or severe gastrointestinal symptoms.
Minimum Eligible Age

9 Months

Maximum Eligible Age

3 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Ain Shams University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Ahmed Saber

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

AinShams University

Yasmine El-Gendy

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

AinShams university

Yosra Awad

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Ain Shams University

Nesreen Hammad

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Ain Shams University

Mostafa EL-Hodhod

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ain Shams University

Locations

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Ain Shams University

Cairo, , Egypt

Site Status

Countries

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Egypt

References

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Esmaeilzadeh H, Alyasin S, Haghighat M, Nabavizadeh H, Esmaeilzadeh E, Mosavat F. The effect of baked milk on accelerating unheated cow's milk tolerance: A control randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2018 Nov;29(7):747-753. doi: 10.1111/pai.12958. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

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Fiocchi A, Schunemann HJ, Brozek J, Restani P, Beyer K, Troncone R, Martelli A, Terracciano L, Bahna SL, Rance F, Ebisawa M, Heine RG, Assa'ad A, Sampson H, Verduci E, Bouygue GR, Baena-Cagnani C, Canonica W, Lockey RF. Diagnosis and Rationale for Action Against Cow's Milk Allergy (DRACMA): a summary report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec;126(6):1119-28.e12. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.011.

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Kim JS, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Sicherer SH, Noone S, Moshier EL, Sampson HA. Dietary baked milk accelerates the resolution of cow's milk allergy in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jul;128(1):125-131.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.04.036. Epub 2011 May 23.

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Koletzko S, Niggemann B, Arato A, Dias JA, Heuschkel R, Husby S, Mearin ML, Papadopoulou A, Ruemmele FM, Staiano A, Schappi MG, Vandenplas Y; European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Diagnostic approach and management of cow's-milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Aug;55(2):221-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e31825c9482.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Lambert R, Grimshaw KEC, Ellis B, Jaitly J, Roberts G. Evidence that eating baked egg or milk influences egg or milk allergy resolution: a systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017 Jun;47(6):829-837. doi: 10.1111/cea.12940. Epub 2017 May 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28516451 (View on PubMed)

Longo G, Barbi E, Berti I, Meneghetti R, Pittalis A, Ronfani L, Ventura A. Specific oral tolerance induction in children with very severe cow's milk-induced reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Feb;121(2):343-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.029. Epub 2007 Dec 26.

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PMID: 18158176 (View on PubMed)

Luyt D, Ball H, Makwana N, Green MR, Bravin K, Nasser SM, Clark AT; Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy. Clin Exp Allergy. 2014;44(5):642-72. doi: 10.1111/cea.12302.

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Nicolaou N, Tsabouri S, Priftis KN. Reintroduction of cow's milk in milk-allergic children. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2014 Mar;14(1):54-62. doi: 10.2174/1871530314666140121150228.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24450449 (View on PubMed)

Niggemann B, Beyer K. Diagnosis of food allergy in children: toward a standardization of food challenge. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Oct;45(4):399-404. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318054b0c3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Vandenplas Y, Koletzko S, Isolauri E, Hill D, Oranje AP, Brueton M, Staiano A, Dupont C. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Arch Dis Child. 2007 Oct;92(10):902-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.2006.110999.

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Venter C, Brown T, Meyer R, Walsh J, Shah N, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Chen TX, Fleischer DM, Heine RG, Levin M, Vieira MC, Fox AT. Better recognition, diagnosis and management of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy in infancy: iMAP-an international interpretation of the MAP (Milk Allergy in Primary Care) guideline. Clin Transl Allergy. 2017 Aug 23;7:26. doi: 10.1186/s13601-017-0162-y. eCollection 2017.

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Yang M, Tan M, Wu J, Chen Z, Long X, Zeng Y, Cai H, Zhang Y, Geng L, Xiao Y, Ke H, Liu Y, Rong L, Fu S, Wang H, Wang Y, Li X, Chen P, Li K, Xie J, Chen H, Li H, Wang H, Li DY, Gong S. Prevalence, Characteristics, and Outcome of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Chinese Infants: A Population-Based Survey. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2019 Aug;43(6):803-808. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1472. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30452099 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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MS 476/2021

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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