Less Is More: Optimized Pharmacotherapy With Improved coNtinuity of CarE in hospitaLized oLder peOple

NCT ID: NCT05899114

Last Updated: 2025-08-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

2576 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-06-05

Study Completion Date

2026-01-17

Brief Summary

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The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to compare transitional multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic care (TMPC) with usual care in patients aged 70 years or older with polypharmacy, admitted to the hospital via the emergency department for longer than 24 hours and that have an elevated risk of drug related readmissions.

The primary aims of the study are:

* To assess whether TMPC leads to a decrease in number of DRreAs compared to usual care during the first 30 days after index hospitalisation.
* To assess whether TMPC is cost-effective

Participants will receive TMPC in hospitals allocated to the intervention. TMPC will be executed by a pharmacotherapeutic team, it consists of the following four elements:

* pharmacotherapeutic analysis
* transitional multidisciplinary discussion
* pharmacotherapeutic care interview and discussion with the patient
* discharge note with the pharmacotherapeutic care plan

Researchers will compare TMPC with usual care to assess the effect and cost-effectiveness of TMPC.

Detailed Description

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Rationale: Polypharmacy poses an ongoing healthcare challenge, as it is associated with negative outcomes such as adverse drug events, lower quality of life and mortality. These risks are especially elevated for the frail and old, leading to high numbers of drug related admissions (DRAs) and unplanned emergency department visits. Approximately half of the DRAs are potentially preventable, and therefore a possible target point for interventions. Unfortunately, until now, despite multiple efforts to decrease drug related harm, the number of drug related admissions has not decreased. Several studies have previously investigated the effect of a structured medication review with varying success. Identified strengths were multicomponent approaches, multidisciplinary approaches and selection of specifically high-risk patients. The LIMONCELLO study will take this into account and will study a multidisciplinary multicomponent intervention with focus on transitional care in a patient population that is most likely to benefit from this intervention. It is hypothesised that transitional multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic care (TMPC) is superior in preventing drug related readmissions (DRreAs) compared to usual care.

Objective: The LIMONCELLO study aims to assess the effect and cost-effectiveness of TMPC compared to usual care.

Study design: This is a cluster randomised controlled trial, a cluster will be defined at the hospital level, with each cluster randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Patients aged 70 years or older with polypharmacy, admitted to the hospital via the emergency department for longer than 24 hours, with completed medication verification and with an elevated risk of drug related readmissions (calculated by use of the DRA prediction model, an algorithm developed by the OPERAM study group) will be included. Participants in intervention hospitals will receive TMPC during index hospitalisation. TMPC consists of four elements: pharmacotherapeutic analysis, transitional multidisciplinary discussion, pharmacotherapeutic care interview and discussion with the patient, and a discharge note with the pharmacotherapeutic care plan. The comparator is usual care as is provided in the participating hospitals. Follow-up will be 1 year, participants will be called 30 days, 3 months and 12 months after index hospitalisation.

Statistical considerations: 16 clusters will participate in the study, requiring a total of 161 patients per cluster to be included, 2,576 participants in total. Results will be analysed by intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis. For the primary outcome, drug related readmissions, a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial distribution and logit link function will be used for the analysis on an individual level, adjusting for clustering.

Conditions

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Polypharmacy Medication Review

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Cluster randomized study
Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
The outcome assessor, assessing whether a readmission is drug related will be masked.

Masking the patients, care provider or investigator is not possible in this study.

Study Groups

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Transitional Multidisciplinary Pharmacotherapeutic Care (TMPC)

The participants in hospitals allocated to the intervention arm will receive TMPC, which will be executed by a Pharmacotherapy-team and will take place during the index hospital stay. This Pharmacotherapy-team will be composed of a physician and a hospital pharmacist, preferably registered as clinical pharmacologists.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Transitional Multidisciplinary Pharmacotherapeutic Care

Intervention Type OTHER

A structured medication review with improved transitional care and multidisciplinary collaboration.

TMPC consists of the following four elements:

1. A structured pharmacotherapeutic analysis
2. A transitional multidisciplinary discussion.The treating physician in the hospital will be involved. The general practitioner and community pharmacist will be consulted.
3. An interview and discussion with the patient and/or legal representative by a member of the Pharmacotherapy-team, which will be performed before the patient is discharged from the hospital.
4. A discharge note with the pharmacotherapeutic care plan. This will be sent to the community pharmacist and the general practitioner.

Usual care

The comparator in this study is usual care, which refers to the entire spectrum of medication-related interventions by different healthcare providers (physician, pharmacist, nurse etc.) which the patient undergoes during hospital admission.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Transitional Multidisciplinary Pharmacotherapeutic Care

A structured medication review with improved transitional care and multidisciplinary collaboration.

TMPC consists of the following four elements:

1. A structured pharmacotherapeutic analysis
2. A transitional multidisciplinary discussion.The treating physician in the hospital will be involved. The general practitioner and community pharmacist will be consulted.
3. An interview and discussion with the patient and/or legal representative by a member of the Pharmacotherapy-team, which will be performed before the patient is discharged from the hospital.
4. A discharge note with the pharmacotherapeutic care plan. This will be sent to the community pharmacist and the general practitioner.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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TMPC

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 70 years or older
* Polypharmacy, the use of 5 or more regular medications, defined as authorised medications with registration numbers, used for more than 30 days. Topical preparations are excluded from this definition.
* Admitted to hospital through the ED (which comprises both the general emergency department and the cardiac emergency department)
* Length of hospitalisation more than 24 hours
* Completed medication verification
* DRA prediction percentage of 23.0% or higher

Exclusion Criteria

* No informed consent by patient or a legal representative
* Participation in an interfering clinical trial
* Elective hospital admission
* Direct admission to the ICU (when medication verification as usual can't be executed, and therefore inclusion of patients as described in 10.2 is not possible)
* A life expectancy of less than 3 months, which includes patients with palliative treatment at home, direct admission to palliative care or palliative care planned within 24 hours after index hospital admission.
* Patient or legal representative not able to speak Dutch.
* Follow-up of patient primarily by secondary caregivers. This refers to situations where the secondary caregiver is in the lead of the medication list of the patient instead of the GP or elderly care physician, for example in the following patient groups:

* patients receiving intensive oncologic therapy
* patients in an organ- or stem cell transplantation procedure
* patients receiving intensive (chronic) psychiatric care, such as patients admitted to a medical psychiatric unit
* patients on dialysis
Minimum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Amsterdam UMC, location AMC

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Amphia ziekenhuis

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Catharina Ziekenhuis Eindhoven

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Deventer Ziekenhuis

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Erasmus Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

HagaZiekenhuis

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Leiden University Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Meander Medisch Centrum

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Medical Center Groningen

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

UMC Utrecht

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Zaans Medisch Centrum

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ziekenhuisgroep Twente

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Zorgevaluatie Nederland

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis (CWZ)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Radboud University Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Kees Kramers, Prof. Dr.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Radboud University Medical Center

Locations

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Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

Site Status

Radboudumc

Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands

Site Status

Amphia ziekenhuis

Breda, North Brabant, Netherlands

Site Status

Catharina Ziekenhuis

Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands

Site Status

Amsterdam UMC - location VUMC

Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Amsterdam UMC- location AMC

Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Zaans Medisch Centrum

Zaandam, North Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Ziekenhuisgroep Twente

Almelo, Overijssel, Netherlands

Site Status

Deventer Ziekenhuis

Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands

Site Status

Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen

Groningen, Provincie Groningen, Netherlands

Site Status

Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum

Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Erasmus Medisch Centrum Rotterdam

Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Haga Ziekenhuis

The Hague, South Holland, Netherlands

Site Status

Meander Medisch Centrum Amersfoort

Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands

Site Status

Diakonessenhuis

Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Site Status

Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht

Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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Netherlands

Related Links

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http://www.zorgevaluatienederland.nl/limoncello

LIMONCELLO website in collaboration with "Zorgevaluatie Nederland"

Other Identifiers

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10330032010002

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NL82393.091.22

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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