Detection of Efflux Pump Genes Mediating Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Sohag University Hospitals

NCT ID: NCT05828550

Last Updated: 2025-07-11

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 50 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-05-01
• Study Completion Date: 2024-11-30

Brief Summary

Among multidrug-resistant bacteria, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were recognized to be an important mortality factor in hospital infections and a major concern in health-care and community settings . The antibiotic-resistant of S. aureus is extended by various bacterial strategies, including limiting uptake of the drug, alteration of the drugtargets, production of druginactivating enzymes and the activation of efflux pumps that effectively remove antibiotics . Relying on the type of antibiotics, bacteria can apply one or more strategies. Specifically, localization of resistance genes in transferable genetic elements, such as plasmid and transposons , causing Horizontal transfer of resistance genes between bacterial strains . MRSA strains are resistant to nearly all beta-lactam antibiotics by producing an alternative penicillin-binding protein known as PBP2a . This protein is encoded by the mecA gene and has a low affinity to manybeta-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, these strains often show resistance to a wide range of antibiotics . The use of fluoroquinolone for the effective infectious therapy is limited by presence of fluoroquinolone resistance . There are two mechanisms causing resistance to fluoroquinolone. The first one is attributed to mutations occurring in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of topoisomerase IV encoded by grlA/grlB and DNA gyrase encoded by gyrA/gyrB; these mutations decrease the affinity ofthe drug. The other mechanism is mediated by efflux pumps which is less recognized . Recently, several efflux pumps have been identified for S. aureus including efflux pumps encoded by chromosome or plasmids. The efflux pumps norA, norB, norC, mdeA, sepA, mepA, sdrM and lmrS are encoded by chromosome while qacA/B, qacG, qacH, qacJ and smr are plasmid-encoded . Efflux pumps could be specialized for specific substrate or mobilized a wide varieties of different antibiotic classes . Despite, efflux pumps can potentially increase resistance to antibiotics in clinical isolates of S. aureus, few studies have been evaluated the individual and collective participation of the efflux system in resistant isolates . Therefore the aim of the study is to detect ciprofloxacin resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus isolates and to detect efflux pump genes ( norA , norB and norC ) mediating resistance in such strains.

Conditions

Patients withInfections Caused by S.Aureus Like Skin Infections , Chest Infections , Surgical Site Infections , and Urinary Tract Infections

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: DIAGNOSTIC
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Interventions

antibiotic sensitivity

The resistance pattern of the isolates will be detected by disc diffusion method.

Detection of efflux pump genes responsible for the resistance ( norA , norB , norC ) by PCR

Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Other Intervention Names

polymerase chain reaction

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Infections caused by S.aureus like skin infections , chest infections , surgical site infections , and urinary tract Infections

Exclusion Criteria

• Infections caused by any organisms other than S.aureus

• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Sohag University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Esraa Esaam Eldin Farrag

demonestrator at microbiology and Immunology department

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Sohag University Hospital

Sohag, Sohag Governorate, Egypt

Countries

Egypt

References

Havaei S, Moghadam SO, Pourmand M, Faghri J. Prevalence of Genes Encoding Bi-Component Leukocidins among Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Iran J Public Health. 2010;39(1):8-14. Epub 2010 Mar 31.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23112984 (View on PubMed)

Lowy FD. Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest. 2003 May;111(9):1265-73. doi: 10.1172/JCI18535. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12727914 (View on PubMed)

Pourmand MR, Yousefi M, Salami SA, Amini M. Evaluation of expression of NorA efflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistant Staphylococcus aureus against hexahydroquinoline derivative by real-time PCR. Acta Med Iran. 2014;52(6):424-9.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25130148 (View on PubMed)

Yilmaz ES, Aslantas O. Antimicrobial resistance and underlying mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2017 Nov;10(11):1059-1064. doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29203102 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Soh-Med-23-04-01MS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id