Adaptive Biobehavioral Control (ABC) in a Closed-Loop System

NCT ID: NCT05610111

Last Updated: 2025-05-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 72 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-01-18
• Study Completion Date: 2024-09-28

Brief Summary

This study is intended to test a Web-based Information Tool (WIT) software providing additional information regarding time in range, GMI, hypo- and hyperglycemia risks, variability tracker, daily glycemic profiles, and potential changes of insulin pump parameters, to users of a commercially available Closed-Loop Control (CLC) System (Control-IQ Technology).

Detailed Description

This is a randomized two-arm crossover group trial in which both groups will use the CLC (Control-IQ) plus WIT. The difference between the two groups will be the order of the interventions. Each group will undergo screening and collection of baseline data from their personal AID system (Control-IQ) followed by randomization 1:1 into two groups. Both groups will have the same three interventions but will progress in the study in a different order allowing for crossover comparisons. The three interventions are:

• Use of personal CLC system for 2 weeks
• Use of personal CLC system and adding a behavioral adaptation module (BAM) for 4 weeks
• Use of personal CLC system and adding the ABC which includes: BAM and PAM (which includes ATM and WST described below) for 16 weeks.

The BAM will consist of modules in which information only is given to participants (e.g. time in range, Glucose Management Indicator (GMI), hyper-and hypoglycemic risks, daily glycemic profiles, and variability tracker). The PAM includes auto suggestions for titration of insulin pump parameters every two weeks (ATM) and is aided by a web simulation tool (WST) which can replay 'what if' scenarios for the participant based on various combinations of insulin pump parameter changes.

Conditions

Type 1 Diabetes

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

CLC, then CLC+BAM, then CLC+ABC

Participants will be using closed loop control (CLC) for 2 weeks. Participants will then use closed loop control (CLC) with behavioral adaption module (BAM) for 4 weeks, followed by closed loop control (CLC) adaptive biobehavioral control (ABC) for 16 weeks.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CLC + BAM

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Closed Loop Control with the Behavioral Adaption Module for 4 weeks

CLC + ABC

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Closed Loop Control with Adaptive Biobehavioral Control for 16 weeks

CLC+ABC, then CLC+BAM, then CLC

Participants will be using closed loop control (CLC) with adaptive biobehavioral control (ABC) for 16 weeks. Participants will then use closed loop control (CLC) with behavioral adaptation module (BAM) for 4 weeks, followed by closed loop control (CLC) for 2 weeks.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CLC + BAM

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Closed Loop Control with the Behavioral Adaption Module for 4 weeks

CLC + ABC

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Closed Loop Control with Adaptive Biobehavioral Control for 16 weeks

Interventions

CLC + BAM

Closed Loop Control with the Behavioral Adaption Module for 4 weeks

Intervention Type: DEVICE

CLC + ABC

Closed Loop Control with Adaptive Biobehavioral Control for 16 weeks

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Age ≥18.0 and ≤70 years old at time of consent

2. Clinical diagnosis, based on investigator assessment, of type 1 diabetes for at least one year

3. Currently using an insulin pump for at least six months

4. Currently using insulin for at least six months

5. Currently using the t:slim X2 insulin pump for at least two months

6. Currently using or anticipated to be using the t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control-IQ technology at randomization (Visit 3).

7. Using or willing to use insulin parameters such as carbohydrate ratio and correction factors consistently on their pump in order to dose insulin for meals or corrections

8. Access to internet and willingness to upload data during the study as needed

9. Willing to use an app on a smart phone during the study.

10. For females, not currently known to be pregnant or breastfeeding

11. If female, sexually active, and of childbearing potential, must agree to use a form of contraception to prevent pregnancy while a participant in the study. A negative serum or urine pregnancy test will be required for all females of childbearing potential. Participants who become pregnant will be discontinued from the study. Also, participants who during the study develop and express the intention to become pregnant within the timespan of the study will be discontinued.

12. Willingness to use only insulin analogs approved for use in the t:slim X2 pump such as lispro (Humalog) or as part (Novolog) and not use ultra-rapid acting insulin analogs (e.g., FiAsp) during the study

13. Total daily insulin dose (TDD) at least 10 units per day

14. Willingness not to start any new non-insulin glucose-lowering agent during the course of the trial (including metformin (biguanides), GLP-1 receptor agonists, pramlintide, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, sulfonylureas)

15. An understanding and willingness to follow the protocol and signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Concurrent use of any non-insulin glucose-lowering agent other than metformin or GLP-1 receptor agonists following screening (including pramlintide, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, sulfonylureas)

2. A condition, which in the opinion of the investigator or designee, would put the participant at risk or interfere with the completion of the protocol.

3. History of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the 12 months prior to enrollment

4. Severe hypoglycemia resulting in seizure or loss of consciousness in the 12 months prior to enrollment

5. Currently being treated for a seizure disorder

6. Hemophilia or any other bleeding disorder

7. Planned surgery during study duration

8. Participation in another pharmaceutical or device trial at the time of enrollment or during the study

9. Having a direct supervisor at place of employment who is also directly involved in conducting the clinical trial (e.g., study investigator, coordinator, etc.); or having a first-degree relative who is directly involved in conducting the clinical trial.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 70 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Sue Brown

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sue Brown

Study Physician

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Sue Brown, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Virginia Center for Diabetes Technology

Locations

University of Virginia Center for Diabetes Technology

Charlottesville, Virginia, United States

Countries

United States

References

Kovatchev BP, Colmegna P, Pavan J, Diaz Castaneda JL, Villa-Tamayo MF, Koravi CLK, Santini G, Alix C, Stumpf M, Brown SA. Human-machine co-adaptation to automated insulin delivery: a randomised clinical trial using digital twin technology. NPJ Digit Med. 2025 May 6;8(1):253. doi: 10.1038/s41746-025-01679-y.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 40329052 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

2R01DK085623

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

220300

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id