Reducing Low-Value Preoperative Investigations in Patients Undergoing Low Risk Surgery

NCT ID: NCT05526495

Last Updated: 2023-11-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

22 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-01-01

Study Completion Date

2025-03-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate if a multi-component behavioral intervention given to anesthesiologists and surgeons is associated with decreasing low value preoperative testing orders in patients undergoing low risk surgery.

The objectives of this trial are to evaluate a) the overall rate of low-value preoperative test (electrocardiogram and chest X-ray) in patients undergoing low risk surgery, b) to conduct an economic and c) process evaluation of the implementation The investigators will assess these outcomes in a sample of 22 Hospitals in Ontario, Canada.

Detailed Description

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Low-value care is defined as a test or treatment for which there is no evidence of patient benefit or where there is evidence of more harm than benefit.

Within Canada, provincial governments have made reducing low-value care a priority. Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) is a professionally led campaign that rallies medical professionals to address the issue of low-value care. The CWC makes declarative statements about low-value cares that should be avoided in practice across a broad range of specialties. To date, over 70 Canadian medical specialty societies have developed over 350 recommendations pertaining to unnecessary tests, treatments, and procedures.

Successful de-implementation of low value care require key actors (patients, healthcare providers, managers and policymakers) to change their behaviours and/or decisions while working in complex healthcare environments. Interventions to translate evidence into practice can be effective with the application of behavioural approaches. Behavioural sciences have informed methods for identifying factors that explain and influence behaviour, selecting techniques to address the barriers, and reporting behaviour change interventions. These approaches have yet to be explicitly applied in a systematic and theory-based manner to inform interventions for reducing low-value care.

To address this gap, Grimshaw and colleagues developed the Choosing Wisely De-Implementation Framework (CWDIF), a systematic process framework that uses tools from behavioural science to guide the design, evaluation, and scalability of interventions to reduce low-value care. The CWDIF consists of five phases: Phase 0, identification of potential areas of low-value healthcare; Phase 1, identification of local priorities for implementation of CWC recommendations (i.e., de-implementing low-value care); Phase 2, identification of barriers to implementing CWC recommendations and potential interventions to overcome these; Phase 3, rigorous evaluations of CWC implementation programmes; and Phase 4, spread of effective CWC implementation programmes.

In Canada, CWC provides a list of items that are considered low-value care for each medical specialty and provincial CWC campaigns have prioritized the items that are relevant to each province (Phase 0). The Canadian Anesthesiologists Society made 3 CWC recommendations against routine pre-operative tests prior to low risk surgery. In 2015, CWC and Health Quality Ontario co-hosted a stakeholder event of 60 key health system leaders in Ontario who identified low value preoperative testing, such as electrocardiographs and chest X-rays prior to low risk surgery as a key priority (Phase 1). Having identified the local priorities, it is important to identify determinants (barriers and enablers) of the particular low-value care that can be address by intervention (Phase 2). A theory-based qualitative study with Ontario anesthesiologists and surgeons used the Theoretical Domains Framework to understand individual, socio-cultural, and environmental factors that influence behaviour in specific contexts. Barriers identified included conflict about who was responsible for the test-ordering (Social/professional role and identity), inability to cancel tests ordered by fellow physicians (Beliefs about capabilities and Social influences), and logistic problems with tests being completed before the anesthesiologists see the patient (Beliefs about capabilities and Environmental context and resources). There were also concerns that not testing might be associated with harms (Beliefs about Consequences). These findings led to the development of a theory-informed intervention that identifies anesthesiologists as the primary focus for ordering of tests and strengthens accountability within hospitals.

The next phase of the framework requires the evaluation of the theory-informed intervention (Phase 3).This study is a cluster randomized controlled trial in 22 hospitals in Ontario, Canada to determine if preoperative testing ordered by anesthesiologist and supported by a focused implementation strategy can decrease the use of low-value preoperative tests in patients undergoing low risk surgeries.

Conditions

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Surgery Anesthesiology

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Eligible hospitals (cluster) within the 26-100th centile for routine preoperative tests will be parallel randomized into two study arms.
Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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De-implementation

A multi-behaviour technique will be used along with theoretical domains framework.

Clinicians will be provided with continuing multi-behaviour component intervention to increase accountability for preoperative test ordering in patients having low risk surgeries.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Reducing preoperative low-value test ordering

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A multi-component approach will be used:1) An administrative change will be implemented whereby medically necessary preoperative tests for patients undergoing non-urgent surgery will be ordered at the discretion of an anesthesiologist based on their clinical assessment. Adoption of the policy change will be facilitated by a local champion using an engagement and education program for anesthesiologists, surgeons, pre-admission clinic nurses and administrative staff; 2) The workshop program will include rationale for the policy, discussion of perceived local barriers to implementation and mitigation strategies. A train-the-trainer model will be used; 3) The departments will commit to supporting the change in policy. Nurses within preoperative clinic will be coached to feel comfortable calling the anesthesiologist about any pre-op tests ordered, and the Pre-Admission Unit will have the authority to cancel tests that deem unnecessary. Check boxes will be removed from medical order forms

Comparator

Standard of care

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Reducing preoperative low-value test ordering

A multi-component approach will be used:1) An administrative change will be implemented whereby medically necessary preoperative tests for patients undergoing non-urgent surgery will be ordered at the discretion of an anesthesiologist based on their clinical assessment. Adoption of the policy change will be facilitated by a local champion using an engagement and education program for anesthesiologists, surgeons, pre-admission clinic nurses and administrative staff; 2) The workshop program will include rationale for the policy, discussion of perceived local barriers to implementation and mitigation strategies. A train-the-trainer model will be used; 3) The departments will commit to supporting the change in policy. Nurses within preoperative clinic will be coached to feel comfortable calling the anesthesiologist about any pre-op tests ordered, and the Pre-Admission Unit will have the authority to cancel tests that deem unnecessary. Check boxes will be removed from medical order forms

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Hospitals in Ontario, Canada
2. within the 26-100th centile for routine preoperative tests for 2019

The study will recruit anesthesiologist and surgeons taking care of patients that meet the following criterion:

Patient Level Inclusion Criterion:

1. ≥18 age
2. undergoing low risk surgeries such as:

* endoscopy
* ophthalmologic surgery
* knee arthroscopy
* hernia repair

Exclusion Criteria

* emergency elective chest X-rays and/or electrocardiogram
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jeremy Grimshaw

Senior Scientist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jeremy Grimshaw, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute

Kyle Kirkham, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Department of Anaesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto

Locations

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Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare

Muskoka, Onario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Grand River Hospital

Kitchener, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

St.Joseph'S Health Care

London, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Stratford General Hospital

Stratford, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Canada

Central Contacts

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Alfonso Ortiz, MSc

Role: CONTACT

613-929-8423

Andrea Patey, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Facility Contacts

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Lisa Allen, RN

Role: primary

Hector Roldan, MD

Role: backup

Magid Morgan, M.D

Role: primary

Hussein Sadkhan, MD

Role: primary

SHANKAR MANICKAVASAGAM, M.D

Role: primary

LAURIE ROBERTS, RC

Role: backup

References

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Grimshaw JM, Patey AM, Kirkham KR, Hall A, Dowling SK, Rodondi N, Ellen M, Kool T, van Dulmen SA, Kerr EA, Linklater S, Levinson W, Bhatia RS. De-implementing wisely: developing the evidence base to reduce low-value care. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020 May;29(5):409-417. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010060. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32029572 (View on PubMed)

Kirkham KR, Wijeysundera DN, Pendrith C, Ng R, Tu JV, Laupacis A, Schull MJ, Levinson W, Bhatia RS. Preoperative testing before low-risk surgical procedures. CMAJ. 2015 Aug 11;187(11):E349-E358. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.150174. Epub 2015 Jun 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26032314 (View on PubMed)

Patey AM, Islam R, Francis JJ, Bryson GL, Grimshaw JM; Canada PRIME Plus Team. Anesthesiologists' and surgeons' perceptions about routine pre-operative testing in low-risk patients: application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify factors that influence physicians' decisions to order pre-operative tests. Implement Sci. 2012 Jun 9;7:52. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-7-52.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22682612 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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Reducing Low-Value Pre-Op

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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