Trial Outcomes & Findings for Project RESIST: Evaluating the Effects of Anti-smoking Inoculation Messages Among Young Adult Sexual Minority Women (NCT NCT05499520)

Last Updated: 2024-07-31

Results Overview

We used a 4-item scale on intention to quit smoking at baseline and at follow-up (immediate, one-week and one-month) among current smokers only: 1. I will make an effort to quit smoking in the next 30 days; 2. I intend to quit smoking in the next 30 days; 3. I expect to quit smoking in the next 30 days; 4. How likely is it that you will quit smoking in the next 30 days. Responses ranged on 7-point Likert-like scales. Responses were summed to create a scale for intention to quit (range from 4-28), higher scores indicate higher intention to quit.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

2591 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Day [0] reported for No-message, single-message immediate, & 3-messages immediate conditions; Week [1] reported for Single-message & 3-messages 1-week delay conditions; Month [1] reported for Single-message & 3-messages 1-month delay conditions

Results posted on

2024-07-31

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Overall Study STARTED	210	103	113	107	110	107	112	106	107	305	155	146	150	156	146	154	150	154
Overall Study COMPLETED	210	103	75	66	64	107	81	61	65	305	155	109	97	107	146	118	92	101
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	38	41	46	0	31	45	42	0	0	37	53	49	0	36	58	53

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	0	0	38	41	46	0	31	45	42	0	0	37	53	49	0	36	58	53

Baseline Characteristics

These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=210 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=103 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=113 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=110 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=107 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=112 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=106 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=305 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=155 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=146 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=150 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=156 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=146 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=154 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=150 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=154 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Total n=2591 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	6 Participants n=210 Participants	4 Participants n=103 Participants	4 Participants n=113 Participants	2 Participants n=107 Participants	3 Participants n=110 Participants	2 Participants n=107 Participants	3 Participants n=112 Participants	1 Participants n=106 Participants	3 Participants n=107 Participants	21 Participants n=305 Participants	10 Participants n=155 Participants	8 Participants n=146 Participants	11 Participants n=150 Participants	11 Participants n=156 Participants	9 Participants n=146 Participants	10 Participants n=154 Participants	10 Participants n=150 Participants	11 Participants n=154 Participants	129 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	1 Participants n=210 Participants	0 Participants n=103 Participants	1 Participants n=113 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=110 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=112 Participants	1 Participants n=106 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=305 Participants	0 Participants n=155 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	0 Participants n=156 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	3 Participants n=2591 Participants
Age, Continuous	24.25 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.35 • n=210 Participants	24.37 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.19 • n=103 Participants	24.45 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.08 • n=113 Participants	23.96 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.20 • n=107 Participants	24.32 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.30 • n=110 Participants	24.70 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.52 • n=107 Participants	24.81 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.26 • n=112 Participants	24.41 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.46 • n=106 Participants	24.52 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.45 • n=107 Participants	24.11 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.22 • n=305 Participants	24.75 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.40 • n=155 Participants	24.36 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.23 • n=146 Participants	24.75 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.53 • n=150 Participants	24.29 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.18 • n=156 Participants	23.95 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.33 • n=146 Participants	24.97 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.20 • n=154 Participants	24.27 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.26 • n=150 Participants	24.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.16 • n=154 Participants	24.38 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.29 • n=2591 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Female	204 Participants n=210 Participants	99 Participants n=103 Participants	110 Participants n=113 Participants	101 Participants n=107 Participants	104 Participants n=110 Participants	104 Participants n=107 Participants	108 Participants n=112 Participants	102 Participants n=106 Participants	98 Participants n=107 Participants	291 Participants n=305 Participants	146 Participants n=155 Participants	136 Participants n=146 Participants	142 Participants n=150 Participants	149 Participants n=156 Participants	138 Participants n=146 Participants	140 Participants n=154 Participants	146 Participants n=150 Participants	149 Participants n=154 Participants	2467 Participants n=2591 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Male	6 Participants n=210 Participants	4 Participants n=103 Participants	3 Participants n=113 Participants	6 Participants n=107 Participants	5 Participants n=110 Participants	3 Participants n=107 Participants	3 Participants n=112 Participants	3 Participants n=106 Participants	7 Participants n=107 Participants	14 Participants n=305 Participants	9 Participants n=155 Participants	10 Participants n=146 Participants	7 Participants n=150 Participants	6 Participants n=156 Participants	8 Participants n=146 Participants	14 Participants n=154 Participants	4 Participants n=150 Participants	5 Participants n=154 Participants	117 Participants n=2591 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Unknown	0 Participants n=210 Participants	0 Participants n=103 Participants	0 Participants n=113 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	1 Participants n=110 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	1 Participants n=112 Participants	1 Participants n=106 Participants	2 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=305 Participants	0 Participants n=155 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	1 Participants n=150 Participants	1 Participants n=156 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	7 Participants n=2591 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	33 Participants n=210 Participants	18 Participants n=103 Participants	19 Participants n=113 Participants	19 Participants n=107 Participants	20 Participants n=110 Participants	19 Participants n=107 Participants	22 Participants n=112 Participants	18 Participants n=106 Participants	16 Participants n=107 Participants	43 Participants n=305 Participants	21 Participants n=155 Participants	22 Participants n=146 Participants	21 Participants n=150 Participants	20 Participants n=156 Participants	19 Participants n=146 Participants	22 Participants n=154 Participants	21 Participants n=150 Participants	18 Participants n=154 Participants	391 Participants n=2591 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	177 Participants n=210 Participants	85 Participants n=103 Participants	94 Participants n=113 Participants	88 Participants n=107 Participants	90 Participants n=110 Participants	88 Participants n=107 Participants	90 Participants n=112 Participants	88 Participants n=106 Participants	91 Participants n=107 Participants	262 Participants n=305 Participants	134 Participants n=155 Participants	124 Participants n=146 Participants	129 Participants n=150 Participants	136 Participants n=156 Participants	127 Participants n=146 Participants	132 Participants n=154 Participants	129 Participants n=150 Participants	136 Participants n=154 Participants	2200 Participants n=2591 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=210 Participants	0 Participants n=103 Participants	0 Participants n=113 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=110 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=112 Participants	0 Participants n=106 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=305 Participants	0 Participants n=155 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	0 Participants n=156 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=210 Participants	2 Participants n=103 Participants	2 Participants n=113 Participants	4 Participants n=107 Participants	1 Participants n=110 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	2 Participants n=112 Participants	0 Participants n=106 Participants	2 Participants n=107 Participants	1 Participants n=305 Participants	2 Participants n=155 Participants	3 Participants n=146 Participants	2 Participants n=150 Participants	1 Participants n=156 Participants	0 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	1 Participants n=154 Participants	24 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	38 Participants n=210 Participants	15 Participants n=103 Participants	17 Participants n=113 Participants	13 Participants n=107 Participants	12 Participants n=110 Participants	19 Participants n=107 Participants	19 Participants n=112 Participants	20 Participants n=106 Participants	18 Participants n=107 Participants	20 Participants n=305 Participants	10 Participants n=155 Participants	12 Participants n=146 Participants	13 Participants n=150 Participants	10 Participants n=156 Participants	11 Participants n=146 Participants	14 Participants n=154 Participants	9 Participants n=150 Participants	11 Participants n=154 Participants	281 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	141 Participants n=210 Participants	67 Participants n=103 Participants	82 Participants n=113 Participants	79 Participants n=107 Participants	76 Participants n=110 Participants	73 Participants n=107 Participants	70 Participants n=112 Participants	72 Participants n=106 Participants	71 Participants n=107 Participants	219 Participants n=305 Participants	115 Participants n=155 Participants	109 Participants n=146 Participants	111 Participants n=150 Participants	118 Participants n=156 Participants	108 Participants n=146 Participants	109 Participants n=154 Participants	111 Participants n=150 Participants	112 Participants n=154 Participants	1843 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	21 Participants n=210 Participants	15 Participants n=103 Participants	7 Participants n=113 Participants	9 Participants n=107 Participants	18 Participants n=110 Participants	13 Participants n=107 Participants	18 Participants n=112 Participants	10 Participants n=106 Participants	13 Participants n=107 Participants	43 Participants n=305 Participants	16 Participants n=155 Participants	13 Participants n=146 Participants	13 Participants n=150 Participants	15 Participants n=156 Participants	17 Participants n=146 Participants	19 Participants n=154 Participants	20 Participants n=150 Participants	17 Participants n=154 Participants	297 Participants n=2591 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	2 Participants n=210 Participants	0 Participants n=103 Participants	0 Participants n=113 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=110 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	0 Participants n=112 Participants	2 Participants n=106 Participants	0 Participants n=107 Participants	1 Participants n=305 Participants	2 Participants n=155 Participants	1 Participants n=146 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	1 Participants n=156 Participants	1 Participants n=146 Participants	2 Participants n=154 Participants	0 Participants n=150 Participants	2 Participants n=154 Participants	14 Participants n=2591 Participants
Baseline Intention to Quit Scale	13.78 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.31 • n=210 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.02 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.80 • n=103 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.47 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.65 • n=113 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	14.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.37 • n=107 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.22 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.08 • n=110 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.57 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.20 • n=107 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.91 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.30 • n=112 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.06 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.88 • n=106 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	13.94 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.77 • n=107 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	13.61 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.960 • n=1075 Participants • These items were asked among participants who currently smoked. Those who did not smoke currently were not asked these items.
Intention to Purchase Cigarettes at Baseline	6.76 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.53 • n=210 Participants	7.04 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.30 • n=103 Participants	6.58 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.68 • n=113 Participants	6.51 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.47 • n=107 Participants	6.99 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.43 • n=110 Participants	6.81 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.30 • n=107 Participants	6.96 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.11 • n=112 Participants	7.39 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.22 • n=106 Participants	6.64 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.58 • n=107 Participants	0.29 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.98 • n=305 Participants	0.22 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.67 • n=155 Participants	0.39 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.13 • n=146 Participants	0.28 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.84 • n=150 Participants	0.38 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.99 • n=156 Participants	0.48 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.47 • n=146 Participants	0.33 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.02 • n=154 Participants	0.38 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.17 • n=150 Participants	0.45 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.25 • n=154 Participants	3.04 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.97 • n=2591 Participants
Susceptibility to smoke cigarettes at baseline	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.19 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.71 • n=305 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	2.77 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.40 • n=155 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	3.01 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.84 • n=146 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	2.93 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.66 • n=150 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	3.04 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.77 • n=156 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	3.00 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.90 • n=146 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	3.11 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.88 • n=154 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	2.92 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.81 • n=150 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	2.89 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 295 • n=154 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.	3.00 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.76 • n=1516 Participants • Participants who did not smoke currently were asked these questions. Those who currently smoke were not asked these questions.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day [0] reported for No-message, single-message immediate, & 3-messages immediate conditions; Week [1] reported for Single-message & 3-messages 1-week delay conditions; Month [1] reported for Single-message & 3-messages 1-month delay conditions

Population: Participants who were currently not smoking were not asked intentions to quit questions Participants in the no-message and immediate conditions were not asked post-test intentions to quit.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=75 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=66 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=63 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=80 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=60 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=65 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Intention to Quit Smoking at Follow-up	—	—	11.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.5	11.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 9.0	14.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.1	—	9.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.8	11.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 8.4	14.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 7.9	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Population: Participants in the no-message condition and immediate conditions were not asked post-test intention to purchase.

The Juster scale was used to measure intention to purchase cigarettes at baseline and at one-month follow-up. Participants were asked, "How likely are you to purchase cigarettes in the next 6 months?" Responses ranged from 0=No chance, almost no chance (1 in 100) to 10=Certain, practically certain (99 in 100). Higher values reflect higher intention to purchase.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=75 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=66 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=64 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=81 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=61 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=65 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=109 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=97 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=114 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=92 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=101 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Intention to Purchase Cigarettes	—	—	5.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.8	5.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.7	4.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.8	—	5.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3	5.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.5	3.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	—	—	0.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	0.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	0.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.2	—	0.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 0.5	0.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.1	0.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.3

PRIMARY outcome

Population: This was only measured among participants who did not currently smoke.

Susceptibility to smoke cigarettes were measured using four-items: 1. Have you ever been curious about smoking a cigarette? 2. Do you think you will smoke a cigarette in the next year? 3. Do you think that you will try a cigarette soon? 4. If one of your best friends were to offer you a cigarette, would you smoke it? Responses ranged on 4-point Likert-like scales. Responses were summed to create a scale for susceptibility to smoke cigarettes (range from 0-12). This was only measured among participants who did not currently smoke. Higher scores indicate increased susceptibility to smoke cigarettes.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=305 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=155 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=108 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=97 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=146 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=114 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=92 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=101 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Susceptibility to Smoke Cigarettes	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6	2.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.4	2.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.7	2.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	2.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.7	3.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.9	1.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.8	2.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6	2.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.0

SECONDARY outcome

Receptivity to marketing was measured using 2 items: 1. Tobacco companies should have the same rights to advertise as other companies. 2. Are you open to using or wearing something with a tobacco company logo or picture on it? Response options range from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) The scale is a sum of the responses to these items, the scale ranges from 2 to 10, with lower scores indicating greater receptivity to marketing.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=210 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=103 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=75 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=66 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=64 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=107 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=81 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=61 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=65 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=304 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=155 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=109 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=97 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=146 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=114 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=92 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=101 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Receptivity to Marketing	6.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	6.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6	6.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	6.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	6.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.4	6.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	6.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6	6.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.6	7.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.5	8.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.7	8.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5	8.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.5	8.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6	8.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	8.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4	8.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.6	8.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.7	8.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.4

SECONDARY outcome

Tobacco industry attitudes were measured using 3 items: 1. I would like to see cigarette companies go out of business. 2. I would not work for a cigarette company. 3. How much do you like cigarette companies. Response options for items 1 and 2 were from 1 (Strongly agree) to 5 (Strongly disagree). Response options for item 3 were from 1 (Dislike strongly) to 5 (Like strongly). Response options were summed across these 3 items to create the tobacco industry attitudes scale. Values range from 3 to 15, with lower scores indicating stronger anti-industry sentiment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=209 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=103 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=75 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=66 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=64 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=107 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=81 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=61 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=64 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=304 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=154 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=109 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=97 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=146 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=114 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=92 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=101 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Tobacco Industry Attitudes	8.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	8.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	7.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	7.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.5	7.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.8	7.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.5	8.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3	7.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3	6.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.2	5.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.2	4.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 1.8	4.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0	4.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1	4.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.2	4.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.1	4.6 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Industry beliefs were measured using 4 items: Cigarette companies lie. Cigarette companies target teens to replace smokers who die. Cigarette companies deny that cigarettes cause cancer and other harmful diseases. Cigarette companies deny that cigarettes are addictive. Response options were from 1 (Strongly agree) to 5 (Strongly disagree). Responses were summed across these 4 items to create the tobacco industry beliefs scale. Values ranges from 4 to 20, with lower scores indicating stronger anti-industry sentiment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=210 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=102 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=75 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=66 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=64 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=106 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=81 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=61 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=63 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, No Message Condition n=304 Participants Participants will receive no anti-smoking messages. They will receive the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before and immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message Immediate n=153 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Week Delay n=109 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay n=97 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Single Message 1 Month Delay, Repeated Exposure n=107 Participants Participants will receive a single anti-smoking message during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of a single anti-smoking message at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking message at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages Immediate n=145 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages, followed by the threat message during the baseline survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages and threat message, immediately after seeing the threat message, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Week Delay n=113 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one week later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 week, and at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay n=92 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later in a separate survey. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline, and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.	Not Currently Smoking, Three Messages 1 Month Delay Repeat Exposure n=101 Participants Participants will receive three anti-smoking messages during the baseline survey, followed by the threat message one month later. Participants will also receive repeated exposures of three anti-smoking messages at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in separate surveys. Outcomes will be measured before seeing the anti-smoking messages at baseline and immediately after seeing the threat message at 1 month. Culturally Tailored Anti-Smoking Messages: Anti-smoking messages will be administered online via a Qualtrics survey.
Tobacco Industry Beliefs	11.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.5	11.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.9	10.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.4	11.1 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.7	10.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.3	11.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.2	11.4 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.0	10.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.5	10.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 4.4	8.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.7	8.3 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.5	8.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.5	8.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.2	8.7 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	8.5 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.4	8.9 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3	9.2 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.6	8.8 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.3

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Andy Tan

University of Pennsylvania

Phone: 2157466546

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place