Trial Outcomes & Findings for Analysis of Balance and Functional Hop Tests in Athletes With Lower Extremity Injuries by Dual Task Study (NCT NCT05484778)

Results Overview

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

39 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

day 1

Results posted on

2025-08-13

Participant Flow

All participants in the study completed the measurements

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Case Group This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Overall Study STARTED	19	20
Overall Study COMPLETED	19	20
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Total n=39 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	19.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.719 • n=19 Participants	16.95 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.395 • n=20 Participants	17.97 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.557 • n=39 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	10 Participants n=19 Participants	1 Participants n=20 Participants	11 Participants n=39 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	9 Participants n=19 Participants	19 Participants n=20 Participants	28 Participants n=39 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Mini Mental State Score	28.84 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.688 • n=19 Participants	29.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.745 • n=20 Participants	29.10 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.754 • n=39 Participants
Difficulty Level of Cognitive Task	6.53 digits STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.020 • n=19 Participants	6.30 digits STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.801 • n=20 Participants	6.41 digits STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.910 • n=39 Participants
Weight	69.642 kilogram STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.963 • n=19 Participants	69.625 kilogram STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.284 • n=20 Participants	69.633 kilogram STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.774 • n=39 Participants
Height	1.804 meter STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.204 • n=19 Participants	1.755 meter STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.137 • n=20 Participants	1.779 meter STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.079 • n=39 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	1.684 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.034	2.300 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.912

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	1.131 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.840	1.566 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.634

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group (PIG), and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group (NIG).

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	1.073 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.565	1.405 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.579

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)	1.631 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.958	2.725 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.419

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)	1.163 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.621	1.770 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.682

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Measurement Performance (MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)	0.984 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.666	1.760 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.392

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m). The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test (THD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	2.533 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.427	2.938 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.441

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m). The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	2.366 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.478	2.795 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.517

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)	2.641 second Standard Deviation 0.337	2.374 second Standard Deviation 0.316

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)	2.561 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.447	2.950 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.458

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)	2.350 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.528	2.757 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.441

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)	2.643 second Standard Deviation 0.366	2.379 second Standard Deviation 0.371

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Single Task	99.586 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 9.879	95.643 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 5.387

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Single Task	101.627 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 10.415	91.766 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 5.650

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Single Task	100.181 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 7.505	92.794 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 8.541

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group .

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	1.652 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.826	2.138 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.903

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	1.078 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.646	1.377 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.627

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	1.073 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.508	1.400 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.773

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side- Dual Task)	1.605 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.687	2.555 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.648

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group .

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement(APSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)	1.142 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.567	1.475 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.517

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Balance Performance Measurement(MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)	0.952 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.400	1.805 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.696

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(THD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	2.531 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.436	2.908 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.473

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	2.362 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.431	2.774 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.467

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)	2.732 second Standard Deviation 0.404	2.496 second Standard Deviation 0.459

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)	2.543 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.449	2.966 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.481

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)	2.406 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.488	2.773 meter/meter Standard Deviation 0.461

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)	2.755 second Standard Deviation 0.404	2.462 second Standard Deviation 0.378

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Dual Task	100.042 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 8.549	95.666 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 4.276

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Dual Task	98.888 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 10.218	94.587 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 4.513

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: day 1

Population: Athletes who are still active in team sports (basketball, volleyball and football) that involve sudden changes of direction and jumping were included in our study. 19 athletes with a history of unilateral lower extremity injuries were divided into the Previously Injured group, and 20 athletes with no previous injury were divided into the Non Injured Group.

The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Case Group n=19 Participants This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.	Control Group n=20 Participants This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Dual tasking paradigm: The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Dual Task	101.154 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 7.694	93.315 percentage of leg's performance Standard Deviation 4.265

Adverse Events

Case Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Control Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Aysen Elif YILMAZ

IstanbulU

Phone: +905059466301

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place