Trial Outcomes & Findings for Online Food and Beverage Labels and Vending Machine Selections (NCT NCT05432271)

NCT ID: NCT05432271

Last Updated: 2023-12-20

Results Overview

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is binary: purchased a beverage with calories or not.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 8145 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.
• Results posted on: 2023-12-20

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Measure	Control Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Overall Study STARTED	1627	1639	1623	1633	1623
Overall Study COMPLETED	1627	1639	1623	1633	1623
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	0	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Online Food and Beverage Labels and Vending Machine Selections

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content	Total n=7945 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized Age in years · 18-29	310 Participants n=5 Participants	311 Participants n=7 Participants	324 Participants n=5 Participants	317 Participants n=4 Participants	343 Participants n=21 Participants	1605 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age in years · 30-44	419 Participants n=5 Participants	382 Participants n=7 Participants	402 Participants n=5 Participants	408 Participants n=4 Participants	408 Participants n=21 Participants	2019 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age in years · 45-59	426 Participants n=5 Participants	394 Participants n=7 Participants	385 Participants n=5 Participants	374 Participants n=4 Participants	389 Participants n=21 Participants	1968 Participants n=10 Participants
Age, Customized Age in years · >=60	438 Participants n=5 Participants	500 Participants n=7 Participants	477 Participants n=5 Participants	491 Participants n=4 Participants	447 Participants n=21 Participants	2353 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Female	814 Participants n=5 Participants	799 Participants n=7 Participants	825 Participants n=5 Participants	844 Participants n=4 Participants	796 Participants n=21 Participants	4078 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Male	757 Participants n=5 Participants	773 Participants n=7 Participants	746 Participants n=5 Participants	729 Participants n=4 Participants	774 Participants n=21 Participants	3779 Participants n=10 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Gender · Nonbinary or another gender	22 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=7 Participants	17 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=4 Participants	17 Participants n=21 Participants	88 Participants n=10 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	295 Participants n=5 Participants	235 Participants n=7 Participants	270 Participants n=5 Participants	246 Participants n=4 Participants	251 Participants n=21 Participants	1297 Participants n=10 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	1298 Participants n=5 Participants	1352 Participants n=7 Participants	1318 Participants n=5 Participants	1344 Participants n=4 Participants	1335 Participants n=21 Participants	6647 Participants n=10 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	26 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	25 Participants n=5 Participants	24 Participants n=4 Participants	17 Participants n=21 Participants	119 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	30 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=7 Participants	42 Participants n=5 Participants	50 Participants n=4 Participants	42 Participants n=21 Participants	196 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	9 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	7 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=4 Participants	9 Participants n=21 Participants	36 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	193 Participants n=5 Participants	206 Participants n=7 Participants	196 Participants n=5 Participants	186 Participants n=4 Participants	183 Participants n=21 Participants	964 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	1209 Participants n=5 Participants	1200 Participants n=7 Participants	1212 Participants n=5 Participants	1223 Participants n=4 Participants	1223 Participants n=21 Participants	6067 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	66 Participants n=5 Participants	64 Participants n=7 Participants	55 Participants n=5 Participants	53 Participants n=4 Participants	66 Participants n=21 Participants	304 Participants n=10 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	60 Participants n=5 Participants	52 Participants n=7 Participants	51 Participants n=5 Participants	49 Participants n=4 Participants	47 Participants n=21 Participants	259 Participants n=10 Participants
Education High school diploma or less	417 Participants n=5 Participants	401 Participants n=7 Participants	426 Participants n=5 Participants	437 Participants n=4 Participants	436 Participants n=21 Participants	2117 Participants n=10 Participants
Education Some college	409 Participants n=5 Participants	361 Participants n=7 Participants	337 Participants n=5 Participants	367 Participants n=4 Participants	340 Participants n=21 Participants	1814 Participants n=10 Participants
Education College graduate or associate degree	596 Participants n=5 Participants	650 Participants n=7 Participants	639 Participants n=5 Participants	627 Participants n=4 Participants	614 Participants n=21 Participants	3126 Participants n=10 Participants
Education Graduate degree	171 Participants n=5 Participants	175 Participants n=7 Participants	186 Participants n=5 Participants	159 Participants n=4 Participants	197 Participants n=21 Participants	888 Participants n=10 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Population: Participants were excluded from this outcome if a) they requested their data be excluded after being debriefed about the purpose of the study, b) they finished the survey too quickly (i.e., faster than 191.2 seconds which was 1/3 of the median completion time in a soft launch of the survey), or they were missing on this outcome (n=2).

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is binary: purchased a beverage with calories or not.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Number of Participants Purchasing Beverages With Calories	1005 Participants	765 Participants	763 Participants	748 Participants	847 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Population: Participants were excluded from this outcome if a) they requested their data be excluded after being debriefed about the purpose of the study, b) they finished the survey too quickly (i.e., faster than 191.2 seconds which was 1/3 of the median completion time in a soft launch of the survey), c) they were missing on this outcome (n=2), or d) they did not choose a beverage with calories.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in beverage chosen to purchase - only for those participants who chose a beverage with calories.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1005 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=765 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=763 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=748 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=847 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Calories Purchased From Beverages, if Beverage With Calories Chosen	199 Beverage calories Standard Deviation 84	190 Beverage calories Standard Deviation 90	196 Beverage calories Standard Deviation 87	184 Beverage calories Standard Deviation 92	183 Beverage calories Standard Deviation 93

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Population: Participants were excluded from analysis if a) they requested their data be excluded after being debriefed about the purpose of the study or b) they finished the survey too quickly (i.e., faster than 191.2 seconds which was 1/3 of the median completion time in a soft launch of the survey).

Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is calories in snacks chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Calories Purchased From Snacks	183 Snack calories Standard Deviation 69	170 Snack calories Standard Deviation 62	169 Snack calories Standard Deviation 63	164 Snack calories Standard Deviation 68	169 Snack calories Standard Deviation 67

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a healthy beverage (green labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Beverage	311 Participants	526 Participants	601 Participants	473 Participants	412 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a moderately healthy beverage (yellow labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Beverage	459 Participants	471 Participants	420 Participants	564 Participants	549 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a less healthy beverage (red labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Beverage	822 Participants	590 Participants	567 Participants	552 Participants	626 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a healthy snack (green labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Healthy Snack	268 Participants	480 Participants	494 Participants	384 Participants	427 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a moderately healthy snack (yellow labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Moderately Healthy Snack	677 Participants	619 Participants	673 Participants	733 Participants	706 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase in the virtual store. Outcome is percentage of people selecting a less healthy snack (red labeled in the traffic light condition)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Likelihood of Selecting a Less Healthy Snack	648 Participants	488 Participants	421 Participants	473 Participants	454 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is saturated fat in beverage chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Saturated Fat Purchased From Beverages	0 grams Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 grams Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 grams Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 grams Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 grams Interval 0.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is sodium in beverage chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Sodium Purchased From Beverages	94 milligrams Standard Deviation 82	81 milligrams Standard Deviation 85	71 milligrams Standard Deviation 82	88 milligrams Standard Deviation 88	93 milligrams Standard Deviation 88

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a beverage to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is total sugar in beverage chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Total Sugar Purchased From Beverages	33 grams Standard Deviation 31	24 grams Standard Deviation 30	24 grams Standard Deviation 30	22 grams Standard Deviation 30	25 grams Standard Deviation 30

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is saturated fat in snack chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Saturated Fat Purchased From Snacks	2.2 grams Standard Deviation 1.9	1.8 grams Standard Deviation 1.8	1.6 grams Standard Deviation 1.7	1.7 grams Standard Deviation 1.8	1.6 grams Standard Deviation 1.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is sodium in snack chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Sodium Purchased From Snacks	150 milligrams Standard Deviation 74	153 milligrams Standard Deviation 67	153 milligrams Standard Deviation 68	142 milligrams Standard Deviation 73	144 milligrams Standard Deviation 74

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will select a snack to purchase from the online vending machine. Outcome is total sugar in snack chosen to purchase.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Total Sugar Purchased From Snacks	12 grams Standard Deviation 14	9 grams Standard Deviation 13	8 grams Standard Deviation 13	9 grams Standard Deviation 13	9 grams Standard Deviation 14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Beverage	3.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	4.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	4.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	4.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	4.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Beverage	3.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Beverage	3.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Healthy Snack	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Moderately Healthy Snack	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

This variable will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very unhealthy" to "very healthy".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1588 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Healthiness of a Less Healthy Snack	2.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond "yes," "no," or "not sure" to the item: "When you were selecting a beverage and a snack, did you notice any other nutrition labels on or next to the products?"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1591 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1585 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1585 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1583 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Noticing Trial Labels No	859 Participants	675 Participants	635 Participants	623 Participants	459 Participants
Noticing Trial Labels Yes	538 Participants	692 Participants	711 Participants	772 Participants	960 Participants
Noticing Trial Labels Not sure	194 Participants	218 Participants	239 Participants	195 Participants	164 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond on a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all" to "A great deal" to the item: "How much did you use this label to help you decide what beverage to buy?"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Beverage Selection	2.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.4	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond on a 5-point scale ranging from "Not at all" to "A great deal" to the item: "How much did you use this label to help you decide what snack to buy?"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Degree of Perceived Label Influence on Snack Selection	2.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.4	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Item: "How much do you trust or distrust the information on this label?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "completely distrust" to "completely trust".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Trust in Labels	3.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	3.6 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	3.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	3.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

We will examine the average reactance to the label (said the label is trying to manipulate me, or annoys me). Each reactance item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Reactance to Labels	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Item: "How much does this label grab your attention?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1586 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Attention to Labels	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Item: "To what extent did you learn something new from this label?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Learned From Labels	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Item: "How much does this label make you think about the health effects of food and beverages?". Responses will be measured on a 5-point Likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Thinking About Health Effects	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	3.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

We will examine if they said the label discourages them from choosing unhealthy products. This item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1586 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Discouragement	2.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	2.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

We will examine if they said the label encourages them to choose healthy products. This item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1586 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Encouragement	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3	3.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

We will examine the average negative emotional response to the label (said the label made them feel worried, scared, guilty, ashamed, or sad). Each emotion will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1592 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Negative Emotional Reactions	1.7 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	1.5 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.8	1.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 0.9	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond to the item "Overall does this label make you feel…" with one of 3 responses: "less in control of making healthy eating decisions", "more in control of healthy eating decisions", or "neither less nor more in control of making healthy eating decisions"

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1586 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Control in Response to Labels Neither decrease/increase	769 Participants	872 Participants	757 Participants	644 Participants	611 Participants
Perceived Control in Response to Labels Decreased control	82 Participants	55 Participants	60 Participants	80 Participants	60 Participants
Perceived Control in Response to Labels Increased control	742 Participants	659 Participants	771 Participants	865 Participants	916 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond to the item "How personally stigmatized does this label make you feel?" on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1589 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Personal Stigmatization	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	1.8 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

We will examine the average stigma response to the label (the label stigmatizes people with obesity, the label increases blame toward people for being overweight). Each stigma item will be scored on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1587 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Perceived Obesity Stigma	2.1 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	2.3 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.2 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.4 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The survey will take up to 20 minutes.

Participants will respond to the item "How disgusted do people with obesity make you feel?" on a 5-pt likert scale from "not at all" to "a great deal".

Outcome measures

Measure	Control n=1593 Participants Calorie labels shown on front of product packaging Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods	Green Labels n=1586 Participants Green label added to front of product packaging for healthy products; no additional labels shown for "less healthy" products Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthy labels only: Green labels only for beverages and foods scored as healthy	Traffic Light Labels n=1588 Participants Red/yellow/green labels added to front of product packaging for less healthy/moderately healthy/healthy products, respectively Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to healthiness information: All beverages and foods labeled as either healthy (green), moderately healthy (yellow), or less healthy (red)	Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels n=1590 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that display products' calorie content in terms of physical activity required to burn those calories Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to physical activity equivalents: All beverages and foods labeled with physical activity required to burn their calories	"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels n=1587 Participants Labels added to front of product packaging that signal when the product exceeds thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content Exposure to calorie information: Calories for all beverages and foods Exposure to "high in" nutrient warning labels: Warning labels only for beverages and foods that exceed the thresholds for sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calorie content
Disgust Toward People With Obesity	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.1	1.9 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2	2.0 units on a 1-5 scale Standard Deviation 1.2

Adverse Events

Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Green Labels

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Traffic Light Labels

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labels

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

"High in" Nutrient Warning Labels

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Laura Gibson

University of Pennsylvania

Phone: 215-898-7093

Email: gibla@pennmedicine.upenn.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place