The Role of Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in the Absorption of Chronic Subdural Hematoma and Its Injury Mechanism

NCT ID: NCT05426889

Last Updated: 2022-06-22

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-05-02
• Study Completion Date: 2023-12-20

Brief Summary

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a very common hemorrhagic disease of the nervous system, accounting for about 10% of hemorrhagic strokes. The incidence rate of elderly people over 65 years old is 58.1/100,000, and the incidence rate is increasing year by year, and it may reach 121/100,000 by 2030. At present, the specific pathogenesis of CSDH is still unclear. Although it has been clinically confirmed that a part of CSDH can be absorbed by itself, and some drugs such as atorvastatin can speed up the process, surgical treatments such as cranial craniotomy or cranial drilling hematoma removal are still the only options for patients with CSDH.

Lymphatic circulation spreads throughout most tissues of the human body, assists in removing metabolic wastes in the interstitium, maintains body fluid homeostasis, and plays a role in immune response and immune surveillance. For a long time, the central nervous system has been considered as an immune-privileged organ, that is, the central nervous system does not have the presence of the lymphatic system. Until 2015, Louveau et al. used immunofluorescence staining and other techniques to find functional lymphatic ducts adjacent to the dural venous sinuses in the mouse brain when looking for the channels for T cells to enter and leave the meninges, confirming the first intracranial meningeal lymphatic vessels. (mLVs), and found that mLVs express the classic markers of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), namely VEGFR3, prostate homeobox 1 (PROX 1), podoplanin, lymphatic endothelial markers transparent Ronidase receptor-1 (LYVE-1), etc. Relevant studies have confirmed that meningeal lymphatic vessels can drain interstitial fluid (ISF), macromolecular substances and immune cells out of the skull, providing a new drainage pathway for the excretion of metabolic waste from the central nervous system. Subsequent studies have confirmed that mLV is involved in the pathophysiological process of a series of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This phenomenon suggests that mLVs play an important role in central nervous system diseases.

Detailed Description

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a very common hemorrhagic disease of the nervous system, accounting for about 10% of hemorrhagic strokes. The incidence rate of elderly people over 65 years old is 58.1/100,000, and the incidence rate is increasing year by year, and it may reach 121/100,000 by 2030. At present, the specific pathogenesis of CSDH is still unclear. Although it has been clinically confirmed that a part of CSDH can be absorbed by itself, and some drugs such as atorvastatin can speed up the process, surgical treatments such as cranial craniotomy or cranial drilling hematoma removal are still the only options for patients with CSDH. However, these surgical methods have a high recurrence rate of hematoma and the incidence of surgery-related complications, which brings a huge burden to the patient's family and society. Despite the presence of a large number of inflammatory cytokines in the CSDH content, only a minority of patients exhibited systemic inflammatory responses such as fever and increased white blood cell count during hematoma resorption. On the contrary, more CSDH patients showed a certain degree of neurological deficit symptoms, such as hemiplegia of one limb and cognitive function decline. These clinical phenomena have stimulated thinking about how CSDH is drained. If the hematoma is absorbed through the vascular system, why is no corresponding inflammatory response or clinical symptoms observed in CSDH patients. In addition, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with CSDH was clear and the cell count was within the normal range, indicating that CSDH did not flow into the CSF. Therefore, further exploring the drainage pathway of CSDH, understanding the absorption process and recurrence mechanism of CSDH, and developing new effective treatment methods are important issues faced by neurosurgery clinicians.

Lymphatic circulation spreads throughout most tissues of the human body, assists in removing metabolic wastes in the interstitium, maintains body fluid homeostasis, and plays a role in immune response and immune surveillance. For a long time, the central nervous system has been considered as an immune-privileged organ, that is, the central nervous system does not have the presence of the lymphatic system. Until 2015, Louveau et al. used immunofluorescence staining and other techniques to find functional lymphatic ducts adjacent to the dural venous sinuses in the mouse brain when looking for the channels for T cells to enter and leave the meninges, confirming the first intracranial meningeal lymphatic vessels. (mLVs), and found that mLVs express the classic markers of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), namely VEGFR3, prostate homeobox 1 (PROX 1), podoplanin, lymphatic endothelial markers transparent Ronidase receptor-1 (LYVE-1), etc. Relevant studies have confirmed that meningeal lymphatic vessels can drain interstitial fluid (ISF), macromolecular substances and immune cells out of the skull, providing a new drainage pathway for the excretion of metabolic waste from the central nervous system. Subsequent studies have confirmed that mLV is involved in the pathophysiological process of a series of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This phenomenon suggests that mLVs play an important role in central nervous system diseases.

Conditions

Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: SCREENING
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Surgical

undergo surgery

Group Type: OTHER

subdural hematoma burr hole drainage

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

For patients with larger hematoma, remove the hematoma by burr hole drainage

non-surgical groups

no surgery

Group Type: OTHER

drug conservative treatment

Intervention Type: DRUG

The patient did not receive surgical treatment and chose conservative treatment

Interventions

subdural hematoma burr hole drainage

For patients with larger hematoma, remove the hematoma by burr hole drainage

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

drug conservative treatment

The patient did not receive surgical treatment and chose conservative treatment

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Clinical diagnosis chronic subdural hematoma
• Hematoma thickness greater than 10mm on imaging

Exclusion Criteria

• In patients with chronic subdural hematoma, only head CT examination was performed;
• There was previous brain injury (stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, etc., leaving relevant chronic changes on CT);
• Imaging data was lost and the onset of CSDH was accompanied by severe comorbidity disease patients.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 90 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Locations

Second affiliated hosipital of zhejiang univerisity school of medicine

Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

China

Central Contacts

sheng Chen, M.D.

Role: CONTACT

saintchan@zju.edu.cn

sheng chen, M.D

Role: CONTACT

+8613645814323

Facility Contacts

sheng chen, M.D

Role: primary

saintchan@zju.edu.cn

Other Identifiers

2022-0219

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id