Efficacy and Safety of HGXJT in Bone Metastatic NSCLC Patients

NCT ID: NCT05378334

Last Updated: 2022-08-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 82 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-06-15
• Study Completion Date: 2025-03-01

Brief Summary

This is a double-blind, randomized controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of HGXJT in combination with ICI-based standard treatment in lung cancer patients with bone metastases. Enrolled participates will randomly receive HGXJT or placebo during the first 4-6 cycles of ICI-based standard treatment.

Conditions

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Combination Group

Standard treatment: 4-6 cycles (3 weeks per cycle) of ICI + chemotherapy followed by ICI maintenance therapy, until tumor progression or at least 1 year.

HGXJT decoction: 1 dose daily, until tumor progression or accumulation for 1 year.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

ICI

Intervention Type: DRUG

PD-1 inhibitors selected by clinicians based on patients' condition

Chemotherapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

AP regimen（Pemetrexed 500mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w） for non-squamous cancer patientsor or TP regimen（Paclitaxel 175mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5, or albumin paclitaxel 100mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w）for Squamous cancer patients.

Bone-protecting and Mass-dispersesing Decoction

Intervention Type: DRUG

Chinese Herbal Formula,also named as HGXJT

Control group

Standard treatment: 4-6 cycles (3 weeks per cycle) of ICI + chemotherapy followed by ICI maintenance therapy, until tumor progression or at least 1 year.

Placebo: 1 dose daily, until tumor progression or accumulation for 1 year.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

ICI

Intervention Type: DRUG

PD-1 inhibitors selected by clinicians based on patients' condition

Chemotherapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

AP regimen（Pemetrexed 500mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w） for non-squamous cancer patientsor or TP regimen（Paclitaxel 175mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5, or albumin paclitaxel 100mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w）for Squamous cancer patients.

Placebo

Intervention Type: DRUG

The particle size and color are similar to the HGXJT, and the smell and taste are close to the HGXJT, and the bacteria test is qualified

Interventions

ICI

PD-1 inhibitors selected by clinicians based on patients' condition

Intervention Type: DRUG

Chemotherapy

AP regimen（Pemetrexed 500mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w） for non-squamous cancer patientsor or TP regimen（Paclitaxel 175mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5, or albumin paclitaxel 100mg/m2+carboplatin AUC=5,q3w）for Squamous cancer patients.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo

The particle size and color are similar to the HGXJT, and the smell and taste are close to the HGXJT, and the bacteria test is qualified

Intervention Type: DRUG

Bone-protecting and Mass-dispersesing Decoction

Chinese Herbal Formula,also named as HGXJT

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed by histopathology or cytopathology.

2. Presence of bone metastases.

3. EGFR/ALK gene wild type.

4. No prior treatment with PD-1 inhibitors (combination or monotherapy)

5. Those who have not received prior antitumor therapy or have not received further antitumor therapy after failure of first-line antitumor therapy.

6. PS score (ECOG) ≤ 2 points

7. Normal hepatic and renal function.

Normal hepatic function: total serum bilirubin level ≤ 1.5 times of the upper limit of normal value(ULN), serum serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) & alanine aminotransferase(ALT) ≤ 2.5 times ULN

Normal renal function: serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl (133 μmol/L) and/or creatinine clearance ≥ 60 ml/min.

8. Presence of at least one assessable lesion.

9. Signed informed consent, patient willing to accept this regimen, able to adhere to the medication, and good compliance.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Unable to complete the baseline assessment form

2. Combination of other serious illnesses, including uncontrolled active infection, severe electrolyte disturbances, and significant bleeding tendencies.

3. Pregnant or lactating women.

4. Combined autoimmune diseases, hematologic disorders, or long-term use of hormones or immunosuppressive drugs.

5. Combination of other uncontrolled tumors.

6. Combination of severe brain or mental illness that affects the patient's ability to self-report.

7. Combined organ transplant history (including bone marrow autotransplantation and peripheral stem cell transplantation).

8. Those who are legally incompetent and whose medical or ethical reasons affect the continuation of the research.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 75 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Haibo Zhang

Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Haibo Zhang, Professor

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Locations

Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

China

Central Contacts

Wenjie Zhao, Dr

Role: CONTACT

20209120019@stu.gzucm.edu.cn

8602081887233 ext. 34830

Facility Contacts

Haibo Zhang, Professor

Role: primary

References

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33538338 (View on PubMed)

Proto C, Lo Russo G, Corrao G, Ganzinelli M, Facchinetti F, Minari R, Tiseo M, Garassino MC. Treatment in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: how to block the receptor and overcome resistance mechanisms. Tumori. 2017 Jul 31;103(4):325-337. doi: 10.5301/tj.5000663. Epub 2017 Jul 1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28708233 (View on PubMed)

Zhong WZ, Zhou Q, Wu YL. The resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies for EGFR-mutant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 17;8(41):71358-71370. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.20311. eCollection 2017 Sep 19.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29050366 (View on PubMed)

Carbone DP, Reck M, Paz-Ares L, Creelan B, Horn L, Steins M, Felip E, van den Heuvel MM, Ciuleanu TE, Badin F, Ready N, Hiltermann TJN, Nair S, Juergens R, Peters S, Minenza E, Wrangle JM, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Borghaei H, Blumenschein GR Jr, Villaruz LC, Havel L, Krejci J, Corral Jaime J, Chang H, Geese WJ, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Chen AC, Socinski MA; CheckMate 026 Investigators. First-Line Nivolumab in Stage IV or Recurrent Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 22;376(25):2415-2426. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613493.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28636851 (View on PubMed)

Gandhi L, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Gadgeel S, Esteban E, Felip E, De Angelis F, Domine M, Clingan P, Hochmair MJ, Powell SF, Cheng SY, Bischoff HG, Peled N, Grossi F, Jennens RR, Reck M, Hui R, Garon EB, Boyer M, Rubio-Viqueira B, Novello S, Kurata T, Gray JE, Vida J, Wei Z, Yang J, Raftopoulos H, Pietanza MC, Garassino MC; KEYNOTE-189 Investigators. Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 31;378(22):2078-2092. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801005. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29658856 (View on PubMed)

Garon EB, Hellmann MD, Rizvi NA, Carcereny E, Leighl NB, Ahn MJ, Eder JP, Balmanoukian AS, Aggarwal C, Horn L, Patnaik A, Gubens M, Ramalingam SS, Felip E, Goldman JW, Scalzo C, Jensen E, Kush DA, Hui R. Five-Year Overall Survival for Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Pembrolizumab: Results From the Phase I KEYNOTE-001 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Oct 1;37(28):2518-2527. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.00934. Epub 2019 Jun 2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31154919 (View on PubMed)

Remon J, Passiglia F, Ahn MJ, Barlesi F, Forde PM, Garon EB, Gettinger S, Goldberg SB, Herbst RS, Horn L, Kubota K, Lu S, Mezquita L, Paz-Ares L, Popat S, Schalper KA, Skoulidis F, Reck M, Adjei AA, Scagliotti GV. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Thoracic Malignancies: Review of the Existing Evidence by an IASLC Expert Panel and Recommendations. J Thorac Oncol. 2020 Jun;15(6):914-947. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.006. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32179179 (View on PubMed)

Chen Xian, Zhang Haibo, Liu Yihong, et al. Study on the correlation between the efficacy and NTX level of bone metastasis cancer pain treated with Bone Protecting and Anti-accumulation Formula combined with zoledronic acid and the evidence of kidney deficiency in Chinese medicine. New Chinese Medicine, 2017, 49(10): 117-120.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Yang M, Lu J, Zhang G, Wang Y, He M, Xu Q, Xu C, Liu H. CXCL13 shapes immunoactive tumor microenvironment and enhances the efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint blockade in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jan;9(1):e001136. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001136.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33452206 (View on PubMed)

Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Drilon A, Wolchok JD, Carvajal RD, McHenry MB, Hosein F, Harbison CT, Grosso JF, Sznol M. Five-Year Survival and Correlates Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, or Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Nivolumab. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Oct 1;5(10):1411-1420. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2187.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31343665 (View on PubMed)

Reck M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Csoszi T, Fulop A, Gottfried M, Peled N, Tafreshi A, Cuffe S, O'Brien M, Rao S, Hotta K, Leiby MA, Lubiniecki GM, Shentu Y, Rangwala R, Brahmer JR; KEYNOTE-024 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Nov 10;375(19):1823-1833. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606774. Epub 2016 Oct 8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 27718847 (View on PubMed)

Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Texier M, Lahmar J, Audigier-Valette C, Tessonnier L, Mazieres J, Zalcman G, Brosseau S, Le Moulec S, Leroy L, Duchemann B, Lefebvre C, Veillon R, Westeel V, Koscielny S, Champiat S, Ferte C, Planchard D, Remon J, Boucher ME, Gazzah A, Adam J, Bria E, Tortora G, Soria JC, Besse B, Caramella C. Hyperprogressive Disease in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors or With Single-Agent Chemotherapy. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Nov 1;4(11):1543-1552. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.3676.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30193240 (View on PubMed)

Ferrara R, Mezquita L, Texier M, et al. Fast-progression(FP), hyper-progression(HPD) and early deaths(ED) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients(pts) upon PD-(L)-1 blockade (IO). J Clin Oncol, 2019, 37(suppl 15), 9107.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhaufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crino L, Blumenschein GR Jr, Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 22;373(17):1627-39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507643. Epub 2015 Sep 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26412456 (View on PubMed)

Wu YL, Lu S, Cheng Y, Zhou C, Wang J, Mok T, Zhang L, Tu HY, Wu L, Feng J, Zhang Y, Luft AV, Zhou J, Ma Z, Lu Y, Hu C, Shi Y, Baudelet C, Cai J, Chang J. Nivolumab Versus Docetaxel in a Predominantly Chinese Patient Population With Previously Treated Advanced NSCLC: CheckMate 078 Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial. J Thorac Oncol. 2019 May;14(5):867-875. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30659987 (View on PubMed)

Vokes EE, Ready N, Felip E, Horn L, Burgio MA, Antonia SJ, Aren Frontera O, Gettinger S, Holgado E, Spigel D, Waterhouse D, Domine M, Garassino M, Chow LQM, Blumenschein G Jr, Barlesi F, Coudert B, Gainor J, Arrieta O, Brahmer J, Butts C, Steins M, Geese WJ, Li A, Healey D, Crino L. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057): 3-year update and outcomes in patients with liver metastases. Ann Oncol. 2018 Apr 1;29(4):959-965. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdy041.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29408986 (View on PubMed)

Socinski MA, Jotte RM, Cappuzzo F, Orlandi F, Stroyakovskiy D, Nogami N, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Moro-Sibilot D, Thomas CA, Barlesi F, Finley G, Kelsch C, Lee A, Coleman S, Deng Y, Shen Y, Kowanetz M, Lopez-Chavez A, Sandler A, Reck M; IMpower150 Study Group. Atezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Nonsquamous NSCLC. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 14;378(24):2288-2301. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716948. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29863955 (View on PubMed)

Reck M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Csoszi T, Fulop A, Gottfried M, Peled N, Tafreshi A, Cuffe S, O'Brien M, Rao S, Hotta K, Vandormael K, Riccio A, Yang J, Pietanza MC, Brahmer JR. Updated Analysis of KEYNOTE-024: Pembrolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score of 50% or Greater. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 1;37(7):537-546. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.00149. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30620668 (View on PubMed)

Mok TSK, Wu YL, Kudaba I, Kowalski DM, Cho BC, Turna HZ, Castro G Jr, Srimuninnimit V, Laktionov KK, Bondarenko I, Kubota K, Lubiniecki GM, Zhang J, Kush D, Lopes G; KEYNOTE-042 Investigators. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for previously untreated, PD-L1-expressing, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-042): a randomised, open-label, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2019 May 4;393(10183):1819-1830. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32409-7. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30955977 (View on PubMed)

Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, Minenza E, Linardou H, Burgers S, Salman P, Borghaei H, Ramalingam SS, Brahmer J, Reck M, O'Byrne KJ, Geese WJ, Green G, Chang H, Szustakowski J, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Healey D, Fu Y, Nathan F, Paz-Ares L. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Lung Cancer with a High Tumor Mutational Burden. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 31;378(22):2093-2104. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801946. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29658845 (View on PubMed)

Hellmann MD, Paz-Ares L, Bernabe Caro R, Zurawski B, Kim SW, Carcereny Costa E, Park K, Alexandru A, Lupinacci L, de la Mora Jimenez E, Sakai H, Albert I, Vergnenegre A, Peters S, Syrigos K, Barlesi F, Reck M, Borghaei H, Brahmer JR, O'Byrne KJ, Geese WJ, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Rabindran SK, Kasinathan RS, Nathan FE, Ramalingam SS. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 21;381(21):2020-2031. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1910231. Epub 2019 Sep 28.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31562796 (View on PubMed)

Paz-Ares L, Luft A, Vicente D, Tafreshi A, Gumus M, Mazieres J, Hermes B, Cay Senler F, Csoszi T, Fulop A, Rodriguez-Cid J, Wilson J, Sugawara S, Kato T, Lee KH, Cheng Y, Novello S, Halmos B, Li X, Lubiniecki GM, Piperdi B, Kowalski DM; KEYNOTE-407 Investigators. Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy for Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 22;379(21):2040-2051. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1810865. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30280635 (View on PubMed)

Gadgeel S, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Speranza G, Esteban E, Felip E, Domine M, Hui R, Hochmair MJ, Clingan P, Powell SF, Cheng SY, Bischoff HG, Peled N, Grossi F, Jennens RR, Reck M, Garon EB, Novello S, Rubio-Viqueira B, Boyer M, Kurata T, Gray JE, Yang J, Bas T, Pietanza MC, Garassino MC. Updated Analysis From KEYNOTE-189: Pembrolizumab or Placebo Plus Pemetrexed and Platinum for Previously Untreated Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2020 May 10;38(14):1505-1517. doi: 10.1200/JCO.19.03136. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32150489 (View on PubMed)

Jenkins RW, Thummalapalli R, Carter J, Canadas I, Barbie DA. Molecular and Genomic Determinants of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2018 Jan 29;69:333-347. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-060116-022926. Epub 2017 Nov 3.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29099676 (View on PubMed)

Wellenstein MD, de Visser KE. Cancer-Cell-Intrinsic Mechanisms Shaping the Tumor Immune Landscape. Immunity. 2018 Mar 20;48(3):399-416. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.004.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29562192 (View on PubMed)

Stankovic B, Bjorhovde HAK, Skarshaug R, Aamodt H, Frafjord A, Muller E, Hammarstrom C, Beraki K, Baekkevold ES, Woldbaek PR, Helland A, Brustugun OT, Oynebraten I, Corthay A. Immune Cell Composition in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 1;9:3101. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03101. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30774636 (View on PubMed)

Bremnes RM, Busund LT, Kilvaer TL, Andersen S, Richardsen E, Paulsen EE, Hald S, Khanehkenari MR, Cooper WA, Kao SC, Donnem T. The Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Development, Progression, and Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2016 Jun;11(6):789-800. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Feb 1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 26845192 (View on PubMed)

Chaft JE, Hellmann MD, Velez MJ, Travis WD, Rusch VW. Initial Experience With Lung Cancer Resection After Treatment With T-Cell Checkpoint Inhibitors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017 Sep;104(3):e217-e218. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.038.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28838509 (View on PubMed)

Gettinger SN, Wurtz A, Goldberg SB, Rimm D, Schalper K, Kaech S, Kavathas P, Chiang A, Lilenbaum R, Zelterman D, Politi K, Herbst RS. Clinical Features and Management of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Axis Inhibitors in 26 Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2018 Jun;13(6):831-839. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.03.008. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29578107 (View on PubMed)

Turpin A, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Vieillard MH. Bone Metastasis: Current State of Play. Transl Oncol. 2020 Feb;13(2):308-320. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.012. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31877463 (View on PubMed)

Limones A, Saez-Alcaide LM, Diaz-Parreno SA, Helm A, Bornstein MM, Molinero-Mourelle P. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in cancer patients treated with denosumab VS. zoledronic acid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020 May 1;25(3):e326-e336. doi: 10.4317/medoral.23324.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 32271321 (View on PubMed)

Xiang L, Gilkes DM. The Contribution of the Immune System in Bone Metastasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 25;20(4):999. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040999.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 30823602 (View on PubMed)

Jiao S, Subudhi SK, Aparicio A, Ge Z, Guan B, Miura Y, Sharma P. Differences in Tumor Microenvironment Dictate T Helper Lineage Polarization and Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Cell. 2019 Nov 14;179(5):1177-1190.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.029.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 31730856 (View on PubMed)

Owen KL, Parker BS. Beyond the vicious cycle: The role of innate osteoimmunity, automimicry and tumor-inherent changes in dictating bone metastasis. Mol Immunol. 2019 Jun;110:57-68. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.023. Epub 2017 Nov 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29191489 (View on PubMed)

Chen Yunying,Wu Danhong. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of painful bone metastases in 3O cases. Fujian Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2001, 32:1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Niu Wei, Wu Wangen. Advances in Chinese medicine treatment of bone metastatic cancer. Chinese Medicine Research, 2001,14:53.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Cui Yiwen, Wang Jie, Chen Teng. Research progress of Chinese medicine in regulating tumor immune response. Tumor, 2019, 39, 674-679.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

2021KT0613

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id