Long-term COVID and Rehabilitation

NCT ID: NCT05373043

Last Updated: 2025-09-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 300 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-11-01
• Study Completion Date: 2028-10-31

Brief Summary

The proposed focuses on improving both morbidity and mortality in older Veterans and those recovering from COVID-19 by developing rehabilitation therapies to augment vascular endothelial function by combating the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with aging and further induced by COVID-19. The investigators expected outcomes will have an important positive impact because they will provide scientifically sound recommendations for rehabilitation to improve vascular endothelial function and minimize the long-term consequences of COVID-19.

Detailed Description

COVID-19 induces profound vascular endothelial dysfunction, the long-term impact of which is unknown.

Moreover, recovery from COVID-19 is delayed in a substantial number of COVID-19 patients (~ 30-40%) and characterized by persistent symptoms of fatigue, weakness, and neurocognitive deficits commonly referred to as "long-COVID". The overall objective of this project is to evaluate the long-term consequences of COVID-19 in older Veterans and provide scientifically sound recommendations for vascular endothelial function-based rehabilitation in older Veterans after COVID-19 and older Veterans in general. The central hypothesis is that, given the fundamental role of oxidative stress and inflammation in long-COVID, vascular endothelial dysfunction following COVID-19 will be associated with long-term negative impacts on health and exercise-based rehabilitation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Mito-Q) supplementation will synergistically improve peripheral and cerebral vascular endothelial dysfunction in older Veterans while convalescing from COVID-19. The rationale for this project is that improving COVID-19-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation with optimized rehabilitation has the potential to improve health in Veterans with long-COVID, and improve both morbidity and mortality in older Veterans. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing two Specific Aims: 1) determine the time course and health risks of vascular endothelial dysfunction in older Veterans with long-COVID, older Veterans who are COVID-recovered, and older Veterans who never had COVID and 2) determine the efficacy of exercise-based rehabilitation with and without Mito-Q supplementation to improve vascular endothelial function in older Veterans with long-COVID, older Veterans who are COVID-recovered, and older Veterans who never had COVID. Under Specific Aim 1, single passive leg movement (sPLM), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and the breath-hold acceleration index (BHAI) will be used to evaluate microvascular, conduit artery, and cerebral vascular endothelial function in older patients twice annually for 4 years to determine long-term impact of COVID-19 on vascular endothelial function. Additionally, patient health risks, negative outcomes, [neurocognitive function, and pulmonary function] will be tracked during this time to determine the prognostic ability of the peripheral and cerebral vascular endothelial function assessments. For Specific Aim 2, microvascular (sPLM), conduit artery (FMD), and cerebral (BHAI) vascular endothelial function will be assessed before and after either exercise-based rehabilitation or exercise-based rehabilitation combined with Mito-Q supplementation to determine their efficacy to improve peripheral and cerebral vascular endothelial function in COVID-impacted Veterans and older Veterans in general. The research proposed in this application is innovative because it focuses on lead therapeutic candidates to rehabilitate peripheral and cerebral vascular endothelial function by combatting the underlying issue of a sustained elevation in oxidative stress and inflammation associated with aging and further impacted by COVID-19. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to provide scientifically sound recommendations for rehabilitation to improve health in older Veterans and those struggling to recover from COVID-19.

Conditions

Long-COVID

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

Exercise Rehabilitation

Participants will be assigned to the Exercise+Placebo or Exercise+Mito-Q rehabilitation interventions using block randomization (block size 10).

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Mitoquinone

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Mito-Q is a supplement that targets mitochondrial function. Linking a triphenyl-phosphonium cation to coenzyme-Q, to produce Mito-Q, results in a lipophilic compound, which, due to the large mitochondrial membrane potential, selectively accumulates within mitochondria. This targeted antioxidant approach results in 50- to 100-fold more Mito-Q accumulation compared to non-targeted antioxidant delivery.

Exercise Rehabilitation with Placebo

Participants will be assigned to Exercise+Placebo rehabilitation using block randomization (block size 10)

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Mitoquinone

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Mito-Q is a supplement that targets mitochondrial function. Linking a triphenyl-phosphonium cation to coenzyme-Q, to produce Mito-Q, results in a lipophilic compound, which, due to the large mitochondrial membrane potential, selectively accumulates within mitochondria. This targeted antioxidant approach results in 50- to 100-fold more Mito-Q accumulation compared to non-targeted antioxidant delivery.

Placebo

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

A placebo will be used in combination with exercise rehabilitation allowing for a double blinded placebo controlled design.

Interventions

Mitoquinone

Mito-Q is a supplement that targets mitochondrial function. Linking a triphenyl-phosphonium cation to coenzyme-Q, to produce Mito-Q, results in a lipophilic compound, which, due to the large mitochondrial membrane potential, selectively accumulates within mitochondria. This targeted antioxidant approach results in 50- to 100-fold more Mito-Q accumulation compared to non-targeted antioxidant delivery.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Placebo

A placebo will be used in combination with exercise rehabilitation allowing for a double blinded placebo controlled design.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

MitoQ

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 50 years of age or greater
• Long-COVID and COVID-recovered patients must have SARS-CoV-19 positive test near the time of COVID-19 diagnosis
• Long-COVID and COVID-recovered patients must be 3-12 months post-initial COVID-19 diagnosis
• Ability to sign informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

• BMI >45 kg/m2
• Unstable (<6 months) or severe coronary artery disease (CAD-RADS score = 4A), peripheral artery disease (Ankle Brachial Index <0.40), cerebrovascular disease (identified by previous stroke in last 12 months), severe COPD (=Stage III), uncontrolled hypertension (>160/100 mmHg), chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 by the Cockcroft-Gault formula), Alzheimer's disease, dementia
• Orthopedic limitations that would prohibit exercise
• [Current smokers and individuals that stopped smoking in the last 10 years]
• Already taking Mito-Q or unwilling to cease dietary supplements for participation
• Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by the PIs or a physician

• Minimum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

VA Office of Research and Development

FED

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Joel Douglas Trinity, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT

Locations

VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Joel D Trinity, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Joel.Trinity@va.gov

(801) 582-1565 ext. 1199

Russell S Richardson, PhD

Role: CONTACT

r.richardson@hsc.utah.edu

(801) 582-1565 ext. 4344

Facility Contacts

P Jon White, MD

Role: primary

Paul.White2@va.gov

(801) 582-1565 ext. 4897

Other Identifiers

RX003810

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

F3810-R

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id