The Role of Agency and Threat-Immediacy in Interactive Digital Narrative Fear Appeals

NCT ID: NCT05321238

Last Updated: 2022-04-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

178 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-11-26

Study Completion Date

2020-12-18

Brief Summary

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Aims:

The first aim of the study was to assess the effect of agency, i.e. the perception of making meaningful decisions, in an interactive digital narrative fear appeal on self-efficacy beliefs concerning the ability to reduce alcohol intake among college students. Second, we assessed whether the communicated timeframe (short-term / long-term) of the threat presented in the narrative moderates the effect of agency on self-efficacy. Lastly, to validate the effect of the intervention on behavioural outcomes we assesed whether self-efficacy has an effect on behavioural intention measures.

The study was a 2 (agency: low / high) x 2 (time-frame: immediate / distant) between-subjects online experiment.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Excessive Drinking

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants
Participants were not aware which arm of the study they were enrolled in.

Study Groups

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High agency and immediate threat

Participants were asked to make decisions within the interactive digital narrative and were presented with acute alcohol poisoning of the main character in the story.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

High agency and immediate threat

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.

High agency and distant threat

Participants were asked to make decisions within the interactive digital narrative and were presented with multiple organ failure after years of alcohol consumption of the main character in the story.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

High agency and distant threat

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.

Low agency and immediate threat

Participants were presented with a fixed (passive) narrative without decisions and were presented with acute alcohol poisoning of the main character in the story.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Low agency and immediate threat

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.

Low agency and distant threat

Participants were presented with a fixed (passive) narrative without decisions and were presented with multiple organ failure after years of alcohol consumption of the main character in the story.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Low agency and distant threat

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.

Interventions

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High agency and immediate threat

Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.

Intervention Type OTHER

High agency and distant threat

Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.

Intervention Type OTHER

Low agency and immediate threat

Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.

Intervention Type OTHER

Low agency and distant threat

Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* above 18 years of age
* 480 seconds survey completion time
* both attention checks relating to narrative content passed
* correctly identified their experimental condition in the manipulation check
* did not choose to 'drink an alcoholic drink' for all decisions in the interactive narrative
* did not show signs of alcohol abuse

Exclusion Criteria

* under the age of 18
* completed the questionnaire in an unreasonably short amount of time
* they failed one of the two attention checks
* failed the manipulation check asking them to recall whether they were presented with short- or long-term (high / low immediacy) consequences of excessive drinking
* chose an alcoholic drink for all decision points
* showed signs of alcohol dependence as measured above 15 on the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Tilburg University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Hendrik Engelbrecht

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Hendrik Engelbrecht

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Tilburg University

Locations

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Tilburg University

Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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Netherlands

References

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Engelbrecht H, van der Laan LN, van Enschot R, Krahmer E. The Role of Agency and Threat Immediacy in Interactive Digital Narrative Fear Appeals for the Prevention of Excessive Alcohol Use: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games. 2022 Jun 13;10(2):e32218. doi: 10.2196/32218.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 35699976 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2020.141

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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