Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Downstream Effects on Maternal and Infant Health

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

43 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-10-10

Study Completion Date

2025-02-01

Brief Summary

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With perinatal cannabis use rising in Canada, robust data on short-term and long-term effects on newborns are urgently needed. However, past barriers to obtain robust data included limited sample sizes, low self-reporting and no account of postpartum exposures. Therefore, this study will be conducted as a feasibility pilot study to tease out limitations that were present in previous studies. This study will help us dictate how to conduct a larger prospective cohort study to answer any knowledge gaps currently in the field of perinatal cannabis use.

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Detailed Description

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Since Canadian legalization of cannabis in October 2018, reports of cannabis use have increased even among pregnant women/individuals. Previous work has identified that cannabis products known as cannabinoids, such as THC, CBD, cannabinol and their metabolic by-products cross the placenta and can enter the fetal bloodstream and distribute throughout the fetal tissues, including the brain associating to neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, these studies were limited by their sample size, based on self-reporting and did not account for postpartum exposures. Notably, the CUPiD study is a pilot study to assess the feasibility for a larger prospective study and address past limitations.

We will aim to recruit 50 participants who are currently using cannabis in pregnancy and 50 participants who are not using cannabis in pregnancy within 12 months from either the Ottawa Hospital or Kingston General Hospital. The participants will be recruited any time in pregnancy and will be followed up until 4 months postpartum. Within the study period, there will be extensive data collection through surveys, diaries and medical chart reviews as well as biological sampling of the mother/birthing parent and the baby (after delivery).

This work will address key issues such as recruitment rate, level of engagement, protocol compliance and appropriateness of sample size and timeframe. By piloting a pregnancy cohort from which robust data on cannabis practices can be gathered, this project will lay the foundation for downstream research in this area.

Conditions

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Cannabis Use Marijuana Use

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Pregnant Cannabis User

Pregnant individuals who disclose cannabis use in pregnancy

We will examine patterns of cannabis use including the type of cannabis used, amount and frequency of cannabis use during the perinatal and postpartum periods. If participant decides to stop using cannabis in pregnancy, they will not be excluded from the study.

Cannabis use in pregnancy or cannabis exposure in utero

Intervention Type OTHER

Cannabis-related product use in pregnancy. Cannabis-related products will include all forms (e.g., dry flower, edibles, extracts, etc.) and formats of consumption (e.g., joint, bong, capsule, tincture, etc.).

Pregnant Cannabis Non-User

Pregnant individuals who report not using cannabis in pregnancy and who have not used cannabis products for at least 3-months prior to pregnancy.

No interventions assigned to this group

Offspring of Pregnant Cannabis User

Infants born to pregnant participants who disclose cannabis use in pregnancy

Cannabis use in pregnancy or cannabis exposure in utero

Intervention Type OTHER

Cannabis-related product use in pregnancy. Cannabis-related products will include all forms (e.g., dry flower, edibles, extracts, etc.) and formats of consumption (e.g., joint, bong, capsule, tincture, etc.).

Offspring of Pregnant Cannabis Non-User

Infants born to pregnant participants who report no cannabis use in pregnancy

No interventions assigned to this group

Partners

Partners of pregnant participants enrolled in this study.

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Cannabis use in pregnancy or cannabis exposure in utero

Cannabis-related product use in pregnancy. Cannabis-related products will include all forms (e.g., dry flower, edibles, extracts, etc.) and formats of consumption (e.g., joint, bong, capsule, tincture, etc.).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Capacity to provide informed consent and to comprehend and comply with the study requirements
* Planning to deliver at TOH or KGH, or The Ottawa Birth and Wellness Centre (affiliated with TOH)
* Be ≥ 16 years of age at the time of consent

Exposed group: pregnant women/individuals who are using any cannabis-related product in pregnancy at the time of enrollment, or have used cannabis-related products in the current pregnancy for any reason (including but not limited to recreational use, to ease nausea and vomiting, use for chronic pain management or other medical indications).

Unexposed group: pregnant women/individuals who are not using cannabis-related products in pregnancy, and who have not used any cannabis-related product for at least 3-months prior to pregnancy.

* Pregnant partner is enrolled in the CUPiD cohort study
* Have capacity to provide informed consent and to comprehend and comply with the study requirements
* Be ≥ 16 years of age at the time of consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Women/Individuals who self-report non-prescription use of controlled and illegal drugs in their current pregnancy (i.e., benzodiazepines, cocaine and crack, fentanyl, heroin, ketamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, magic mushrooms, MDMA, methamphetamine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, opioids, phenylcyclohexyl piperidine, salvia) or report their use in the 3-months prior to pregnancy. (\*\*Use of alcohol or tobacco products prior to pregnancy or during pregnancy will not be an exclusion criterion\*\*)
* Women/Individuals who self-report prescription use of opioid medications including methadone, Subutex, buprenorphine, tramadol, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphine in their current pregnancy, or report their use in the 3 months prior to pregnancy
* Surrogate or planning to give child up for adoption

Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes