Community Health Worker Training to Reduce Depression and Substance Use Stigma in TB/HIV Care in South Africa

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

82 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-06-08

Study Completion Date

2023-08-01

Brief Summary

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Poor engagement in care contributes to HIV- and TB-related morbidity and mortality in South Africa (SA). Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline lay health workers who work to re-engage patients who are lost to follow-up (LTFU) in HIV/TB care. Patients with depression and substance use (SU) have a greater likelihood of being LTFU in HIV/TB care, and there is evidence that CHWs may exhibit stigma towards these patients. When CHWs have negative attitudes towards these patients, on average they spend less time with these patients, are less likely to implement evidence-based practices, and deliver less patient-centered care. Therefore, this purpose of this study is to examine the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a brief training ("Siyakhana"). The purpose of this training is to provide CHWs with psychoeducation, skills, and support around working with HIV/TB patients with depression/SU. The investigators will assess the training's implementation and changes in CHWs' stigma towards HIV/TB patients with depression/SU.

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Detailed Description

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South Africa (SA) has the highest number of people living with HIV in the world and a high tuberculosis (TB) burden. Poor engagement in care contributes to HIV- and TB-related morbidity and mortality. In this context, community health workers (CHWs) are frontline lay health workers who play a central role in re-engaging patients who are lost to follow-up (LTFU) in HIV/TB care. Even with existing CHW programs focused on re-engaging patients who are LTFU, people with depression, hazardous alcohol use, or other substance use (SU) are particularly susceptible to poor engagement in HIV/TB care and have a greater likelihood of being LTFU. At the moment, CHWs receive minimal, if any, training on depression and SU, and there is some evidence that CHWs may exhibit stigma towards these patients. When CHWs have negative attitudes towards these patients, on average they spend less time with these patients, are less likely to implement evidence-based practices, and deliver less patient-centered care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the implementation and preliminary effectiveness of a brief training ("Siyakhana") focused on providing CHWs with psychoeducation, skills, and support around working with patients with depression/SU. In a Type 2, hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial, and using a stepped wedge design, the investigators will primarily assess the training's implementation (feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity) and changes in CHWs' stigma towards HIV/TB patients with depression/SU.

Conditions

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Substance-Related Disorders Mental Disorder Social Stigma Depression Treatment Adherence and Compliance Health Care Utilization Attitude of Health Personnel Hiv Tuberculosis Mental Health Disorder Community Health Workers Health Care Delivery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

This study uses a stepped-wedge design. All groups of CHWs receive both treatment as usual (TAU) and the stigma reduction training ("Siyakhana"). Randomization will dictate the timing/order in which each group receives the Siyakhana training.

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

The staff member who conducts role-play assessments with participants will be minimally involved in the Siyakhana training.

Study Groups

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Treatment As Usual (TAU)

Monitoring of treatment as usual (i.e., routine interactions between community health workers (CHWs) and their patients).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Siyakhana CHW Training

The Siyakhana CHW Training is a multi-day group training that aims to reduce stigma around mental health and substance use among CHWs. It integrates psychoeducation around TB/HIV, stigma, depression, and substance use, including countering myths and stereotypes around mental health and substance use; skills for CHW self-care; evidence-based skills for working with patients living with depression and substance use, such as components of motivational interviewing and problem-solving therapy; and exposure to individuals with lived experience of mental health and substance use. The training is a combination of informative presentations, discussions, worksheets/activities, and role-plays aimed at increasing awareness of mental health and substance use, reducing stigma, and improving interactions when working with patients with HIV/TB and mental health and substance use concerns.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Siyakhana CHW Training

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Please see arm description.

Interventions

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Siyakhana CHW Training

Please see arm description.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Siyakhana Siyakhana - C

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* At least 18 years old
* Employed as a CHW through a partner non-governmental organization (NGO) that provides HIV/TB CHW services
* Works with patients who have HIV and TB, some of whom may be struggling with depression or substance use