The Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Acute Subconcussive Head Impacts
NCT ID: NCT05236127
Last Updated: 2023-09-28
Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
40 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-01-23
2022-08-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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The study consists of 4 data collection time points in an 8-day period. The four data collection sessions will last approximately 2 hours. This study design will enable the researchers to test outcome measures over subacute and acute phases.
* On day 0. the 1st test session takes place immediately prior to the 8-day period.
* On day 4, the 2nd test session takes place right before the soccer heading.
* Participants will perform the soccer headers.
* On day 5, the 3rd test session takes place 24 hours after the soccer heading.
* On day 7, the 4th test session takes place 72 hours after the soccer heading.
When written informed consent is obtained, the researchers will use a self-reported health questionnaire to obtain demographic information. The information includes age, sex, race/ethnicity, years of soccer playing and heading experience, number and age of previous concussions, sleep habits, menstrual cycle, and diet history as well as assessment of other neurological conditions to screen participants' eligibility. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria and are free of exclusionary factors will advance to the testing procedures.
Soccer Heading:
A standardized and reliable soccer heading protocol will be used for the experiment. A triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope (Triax Technologies) embedded in a head-band pocket and positioned back of the head to monitor linear and rotational head accelerations. A JUGS soccer machine will be used to simulate a soccer throw-in with a standardized ball speed of 25mph across both groups. The ball speed is similar to when soccer players make a long throw-in from the sideline to mid-field. Soccer players frequently perform this maneuver during practice and game. Participants will stand approximately 40ft away from the machine to perform soccer ball headings. An average linear head acceleration from a header sits around 20 g, while regular corner or goal kicks (\~50mph) yield accelerations above 50 g. Participants in all groups will perform 20 headers with 1 header per 30 seconds.
Questionnaires:
The researchers will also (1) assess depression, anxiety, stress and panic symptoms using the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and the Daily Stress Inventory; (2) alcohol use disorder using AUDIT; (3) cannabis use disorder using CUDIT; (4) mood states using POMS; and (5) concussion symptoms using SCAT.
Biological Impedance Assessment:
Body weight measures will be taken at each visit using a Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment (BIA, Tanita Corporation of America, Arlington Heights, IL). This is a method for estimating body composition, in particular body fat, muscle mass, and total body water composition. BIA uses a weak electric current flow through the body and the voltage is measured to calculate impedance (resistance) of the body.
NPC and KDT:
During each test session, various assessments will be conducted on each participant. First, ocular assessments consisting of near point of convergence (NPC) and the King-Devick Test (KDT) will be used to assessed ocular-motor function and neuro-ophthalmologic function, respectively. The NPC measures the closest point to which one can maintain convergence while focusing on an object before double vision occurs. Assessment will be repeated twice, and mean NPC scores will be used for statistical analyses. After they have finished NPC, participants will complete the KDT. The KDT assesses neuro-ophthalmologic function due to it's design of saccadic eye movements coupled with multiple facets of brain functions such as attention, language, and concentration. It will be administrated on a hand- held tablet. Participants will be given one trial "demonstration" card to practice the task. Following the demonstration card, participants will tap through 3 test cards. Participants will be asked to read aloud, left to right and top to bottom, a series of numbers on the test cards as fast and as accurate as they can while refraining from using his/her fingers as a reading guide. The 3 test cards progress in difficulty (i.e. guideline disappearance, numbers become more dense). The KDT records the total time, in seconds, participants spent to complete the task (all 3 test cards). Accuracy will be recorded by a lab personnel member who will stand behind the participant and record any errors (incorrect number, missed number, etc.) made during the testing.
Blood Biomarkers:
Antecubital vein blood draws will be performed each test session to help determine serum biomarker concentrations. A trained phlebotomist will thoroughly clean the inner elbow surface with an alcohol swab and draw 7 ml of whole blood into sterile Vacutainer tubes with 21G butterfly needle. After the blood draw, the participant will use gauze to maintain direct pressure and a bandage will be provided. Plasma will be assessed by the 4-plex Simoa assay platform (Quanterix), which is a magnetic bead-based ELISA that allows detection of biomarkers in femtomolar concentrations.
MRI Techniques:
Once completing the MRI screening procedure, participants will undergo the following standardized MRI protocols.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most widely used technique to study the microstructural integrity of white matter in vivo. DTI provides simple markers, such as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), that have been used to reflect microstructural tissue change during aging, neurological disorders, and traumatic brain injury (i.e., concussion). However, despite their sensitivity, MD and FA represent cellular diffusivity estimated by basic statistical descriptions that do not directly correspond to biophysiological parameters of the neural cellular integrity. DTI assumes Gaussian diffusion within a single microstructural compartment and thus has proven non-specific to axonal structural damage. To address this limitation, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) has been characterized to assess microstructural integrity of axons using a non-Gaussian model with multiple compartments. NODDI allows researchers to measure axonal density within white matter, orientation of axonal dispersion, and free water diffusion. The combined approach using NODDI and DTI will uncover greater depth of progressive axonal degeneration in response to repetitive subconcussive head impacts.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy data will be collected using a single-voxel PRESS (Point RESolved Spectroscopy) sequence. The researchers primary region of interest (ROI) for MRS analysis is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This region plays a vital role in regulating memory, attention, emotion/behavior, and autonomic motor function, and previous studies have shown altered neurometabolic levels in this region after concussive and subconcussive injuries. The MRS voxel with a dimension of 15x20x25mm3 will be positioned in the DLPFC using the T1-weighted image as a reference. There will also be a MRS scan collected gathering information on the whole brain to compare to the single voxel scan of the DLPFC.
N-Back Task: The n-back task will be used to assess verbal (letters) memory. For the verbal n-back tasks, while in the scanner, participants will be presented a series of letters, with letters being displayed on the screen one at a time. Participants will be instructed to answer whether the target letter is the same or different from the letter presented, if it the presented target is the same or different from the letter presented 1-back or 2-back letters prior. If the target letter is the same, participants will be instructed to press the index button of the controller in their left hand and if the letter is different, participants will be instructed to press the index button of the controller in their right hand. The n-back task has a total duration of about 7 minutes.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
OTHER
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Fasted
Fasted Group: Individuals randomly assigned to undergo a 20 hour fast with a four hour eating window for the entire 8-day period of the study.
Intermittent Fasting
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of intermittent fasting on the acute neural responses to subconcussive head impacts. The study is designed to identify the effects of 20 controlled soccer headings in college-aged soccer players in one of four groups (fasted, pre-fasted, post-fasted, or control) through the use of neural-injury blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional, and diffusion MRI, and ocular-motor function across 4 acute time points. Participants will be randomly designed to one of the four groups which consist of an 8 day fast, 5 day fast, 3 day fast, or the non-fasted control group.
Pre-heading fasted
Pre-Heading Fasted Group: Individuals randomly assigned to undergo a 20 hour fast with a 4 hour eating window for a 5-day period prior to the soccer heading.
Intermittent Fasting
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of intermittent fasting on the acute neural responses to subconcussive head impacts. The study is designed to identify the effects of 20 controlled soccer headings in college-aged soccer players in one of four groups (fasted, pre-fasted, post-fasted, or control) through the use of neural-injury blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional, and diffusion MRI, and ocular-motor function across 4 acute time points. Participants will be randomly designed to one of the four groups which consist of an 8 day fast, 5 day fast, 3 day fast, or the non-fasted control group.
Post-heading fasted
Post-Heading Fasted Group: Individuals randomly assigned to undergo a 20 hour fast with a four hour eating window for a 3-day period following the soccer heading.
Intermittent Fasting
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of intermittent fasting on the acute neural responses to subconcussive head impacts. The study is designed to identify the effects of 20 controlled soccer headings in college-aged soccer players in one of four groups (fasted, pre-fasted, post-fasted, or control) through the use of neural-injury blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional, and diffusion MRI, and ocular-motor function across 4 acute time points. Participants will be randomly designed to one of the four groups which consist of an 8 day fast, 5 day fast, 3 day fast, or the non-fasted control group.
Control
Control Group: Individuals randomly assigned to eat per usual over the course of the entire 8-day study period.
Intermittent Fasting
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of intermittent fasting on the acute neural responses to subconcussive head impacts. The study is designed to identify the effects of 20 controlled soccer headings in college-aged soccer players in one of four groups (fasted, pre-fasted, post-fasted, or control) through the use of neural-injury blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional, and diffusion MRI, and ocular-motor function across 4 acute time points. Participants will be randomly designed to one of the four groups which consist of an 8 day fast, 5 day fast, 3 day fast, or the non-fasted control group.
Subconcussive Head Impact
All four groups undergo the same soccer heading model as described below.
Device: Soccer Heading Soccer Heading: Subjects stood approximately 40 feet away from a JUGS soccer ball launcher and participated in 20 consecutive soccer headings, separated by 30 second intervals.
Soccer Heading
A standardized and reliable soccer heading protocol will be used for the experiment. A triaxial accelerometer embedded in a head-band pocket and positioned directly below the external occipital protuberance (inion) to monitor linear and rotational head accelerations. A JUGS soccer machine will be used to simulate a soccer throw-in with a standardized ball speed of 25mph. The ball speed is similar to when soccer players make a long throw-in from the sideline to mid-field. Soccer players frequently perform this maneuver during practice and games. Subjects will stand approximately 40ft away from the machine to perform the heading. Participants perform 20 standing headers with 1 header per 30 seconds. The subjects will be instructed to direct the ball back toward the JUGS soccer machine in the air.
Interventions
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Soccer Heading
A standardized and reliable soccer heading protocol will be used for the experiment. A triaxial accelerometer embedded in a head-band pocket and positioned directly below the external occipital protuberance (inion) to monitor linear and rotational head accelerations. A JUGS soccer machine will be used to simulate a soccer throw-in with a standardized ball speed of 25mph. The ball speed is similar to when soccer players make a long throw-in from the sideline to mid-field. Soccer players frequently perform this maneuver during practice and games. Subjects will stand approximately 40ft away from the machine to perform the heading. Participants perform 20 standing headers with 1 header per 30 seconds. The subjects will be instructed to direct the ball back toward the JUGS soccer machine in the air.
Intermittent Fasting
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of intermittent fasting on the acute neural responses to subconcussive head impacts. The study is designed to identify the effects of 20 controlled soccer headings in college-aged soccer players in one of four groups (fasted, pre-fasted, post-fasted, or control) through the use of neural-injury blood biomarkers, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional, and diffusion MRI, and ocular-motor function across 4 acute time points. Participants will be randomly designed to one of the four groups which consist of an 8 day fast, 5 day fast, 3 day fast, or the non-fasted control group.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* At least three years of soccer heading experience
Exclusion Criteria
* Any current intermittent fasting or in the last 3-6 months
* Any head or eye injury 12 months prior to the study
* Any neurological disorders (e.g., seizures, closed head injuries with prolonged loss of consciousness (\> 15 minutes), history of stroke, spinal cord/surgery)
* History of vestibular, ocular, or vision dysfunction
* Any injury that would prohibit the performance of soccer headings
* A history of eating disorder
* Any brain implants or recent surgeries with metal implants that prohibit undergoing an MRI
* Currently taking any medications affecting appetite
* Pregnant
* HIV
18 Years
30 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Indiana University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Keisuke Kawata
Assistant Professor Kinesiology
Locations
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Indiana University School of Public Health
Bloomington, Indiana, United States
Countries
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References
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Anton SD, Moehl K, Donahoo WT, Marosi K, Lee SA, Mainous AG 3rd, Leeuwenburgh C, Mattson MP. Flipping the Metabolic Switch: Understanding and Applying the Health Benefits of Fasting. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Feb;26(2):254-268. doi: 10.1002/oby.22065. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Kawata K, Steinfeldt JA, Huibregtse ME, Nowak MK, Macy JT, Kercher K, Rettke DJ, Shin A, Chen Z, Ejima K, Newman SD, Cheng H. Association Between Proteomic Blood Biomarkers and DTI/NODDI Metrics in Adolescent Football Players: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol. 2020 Nov 16;11:581781. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.581781. eCollection 2020.
Nowak MK, Bevilacqua ZW, Ejima K, Huibregtse ME, Chen Z, Mickleborough TD, Newman SD, Kawata K. Neuro-Ophthalmologic Response to Repetitive Subconcussive Head Impacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 1;138(4):350-357. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128.
Koerte IK, Lin AP, Muehlmann M, Merugumala S, Liao H, Starr T, Kaufmann D, Mayinger M, Steffinger D, Fisch B, Karch S, Heinen F, Ertl-Wagner B, Reiser M, Stern RA, Zafonte R, Shenton ME. Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Sep 1;32(17):1287-93. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3715. Epub 2015 May 14.
Other Identifiers
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13076
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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