THIO Sequenced With Cemiplimab in Advanced NSCLC

NCT ID: NCT05208944

Last Updated: 2026-01-20

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 227 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-06-08
• Study Completion Date: 2027-12-31

Brief Summary

THIO is a first-in-class small molecule telomere targeting agent, in development for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with cemiplimab (LIBTAYO®). THIO is preferentially incorporated into telomeres sequence in telomerase-positive cells leading to rapid telomere uncapping, genomic instability, and cell death.

Cemiplimab is a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor recently approved as a first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC with 50% or more PD-L1 expression. It is hypothesized that THIO administration prior to cemiplimab would restore tumor responses to immunotherapy in subjects who either developed resistance or relapsed after receiving first line treatment with an immune check point inhibitor.

Detailed Description

The THIO-101 study evaluates the safety and efficacy of different doses of THIO sequenced with fixed dose of cemiplimab (referred to as investigational products [IP]) in subjects with advanced NSCLC who progressed, discontinued due to toxicity, or relapsed after receiving prior therapy with an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent.

This study is a Phase 2, open-label, multicenter study comprised of 4 parts:

• Part A (Completed enrolment, N=10): Modified 3+3 design safety lead-in study of THIO 360 mg per cycle (120 mg on Days 1-3, sequenced with cemiplimab).
• Part B (Completed enrolment, N=69): Randomized, dose-finding, Simon's 2-stage design, 3-arm study (THIO 60 mg, THIO 180 mg, or THIO 360 mg per cycle; all dose levels sequenced with cemiplimab), with optional extension cohort(s).
• Revised Part C (Planned; N= 37 to 48)
• Part D (Planned; N=100): Single-arm Efficacy cohort evaluating the efficacy and safety of THIO 180 mg per cycle sequenced with cemiplimab as third-line treatment in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

This study aims to establish THIO followed by cemiplimab as a potential treatment regimen in a high unmet medical need setting.

A Safety Review Committee (SRC) will monitor subject safety during the study and will make recommendations to the Sponsor regarding enrollment, eg, de-escalating dose in Part A, proceeding to Part B, expanding an arm in Part B, opening Part C, and Part D of the study based on emerging data from prior study parts.

In each study part, on Cycle 1, Day 1, eligible subjects initiate treatment with THIO (at doses described for each study part below) as intravenous (IV) infusion, once daily, on Days 1-3 of every 3-week cycle (Q3W) followed by a fixed dose of cemiplimab (350 mg IV) on Day 5 Q3W. The only exception is the randomized Arm 2 of Part C, where subjects will be receiving single agent THIO (without sequential cemiplimab). Study treatment may continue until PD, occurrence of an unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of consent, death, or two years on treatment, whichever occurs first.

The initial radiographic imaging for baseline assessment is to be conducted by the investigator up to 28 days before the first dose of THIO for tumor evaluation and measurements. The on-treatment radiographic assessments are to be performed every 2 cycles (every 6 weeks, ± 7 days) during the first year of treatment, and then every 3 cycles (every 9 weeks, ± 14 days) during the second year of treatment until documented PD, initiation of a new anti-cancer treatment, or completion of follow-up, whichever occurs first. The radiographic scans are to be assessed by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 and/or iRECIST until PD, initiation of a new anti-cancer treatment, or end of the study, whichever occurs first. In Part D of the study, radiographic scans will also be assessed by a blinded independent central review (BICR) committee. Confirmation of CR and PR per RECIST v1.1 by consecutive radiographic imaging (computed tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]; same modality to be used for a given subject throughout the study) assessment 4-8 weeks from the date of first documentation is required. In Parts A, B, and C, radiographic scans are/will be collected and held for possible future retrospective independent evaluation.

To account for tumor pseudoprogression or delayed response with anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapies, subjects may continue to receive IP beyond RECIST v1.1 defined progression at the discretion of the investigator and be assessed at a subsequent tumor assessment time point (≥ 4 weeks after the date of initial documentation of disease progression) to confirm PD according to iRECIST. Subjects must be consented to receive the IP beyond the initial progression and will discontinue IP once the progression is confirmed by iRECIST.

Safety assessments for all study patients (Parts A, B, C, and D) during each treatment cycle include complete or abbreviated physical examinations, routine safety laboratory testing (hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation), thyroid hormone testing, vital sign evaluations, and electrocardiograms (ECGs).

All subjects will undergo end of treatment (EoT) visit 30 days post last treatment with IP. Subjects will be followed every 3 months until death, withdrawal of consent, loss to follow-up, or study termination by the Sponsor, whichever occurs first. Long-term follow-up can be via clinic visit, phone call to the subject or referring physician, or other method deemed appropriate by the site and should assess survival, progression, subsequent anti-cancer therapy and response. Any subject who discontinues treatment for reasons other than disease progression will continue to have radiographic assessments per standard of care and no less than every 3 months for the first year, and then every 6 months until documented disease progression, initiation of a new anti-cancer treatment, or end of follow-up. Subjects in Parts A and B only who discontinued treatment due to disease progression per RECIST 1.1 and did not receive post-progression treatment could be asked to complete standard of care radiographic assessments every 3 months for up to 1 year and then every 6 months until initiation of a new anti-cancer treatment or completion of follow-up. Response assessment in follow-up will include at minimum the modality used to determine response.

Conditions

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: SEQUENTIAL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Part A

Safety lead-in, modified 3+3 design. Part A:

Cohort 1: THIO total 360 mg per cycle (120 mg on Days 1-3 Q3W) plus 350 mg cemiplimab on Day 5; Cohort 2 (pending emerging data from Cohort 1): THIO total 180 mg per cycle (60 mg on Days 1-3 Q3W) plus 350 mg cemiplimab on Day 5

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

Intervention Type: DRUG

small molecule telomere targeting agent

Cemiplimab

Intervention Type: DRUG

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor

Part B

Cohort 1: THIO total 60 mg per cycle (20 mg on D1-3 Q3W) plus 350 mg cemiplimab on Day 5; Cohort 2: THIO total 180 mg per cycle (60 mg on D1-3 Q3W) plus 350 mg cemiplimab on Day 5; Cohort 3 (pending emerging data from Part A): THIO total 360 mg per cycle (120 mg on Days 1-3 Q3W) plus 350 mg cemiplimab on Day 5

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

Intervention Type: DRUG

small molecule telomere targeting agent

Cemiplimab

Intervention Type: DRUG

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor

Part C

To obtain clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of the sequential combination of THIO 180 mg per cycle plus cemiplimab compared to single-agent THIO 180 mg per cycle as third-line treatment in subjects with advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

Intervention Type: DRUG

small molecule telomere targeting agent

Cemiplimab

Intervention Type: DRUG

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor

Part D

To determine the efficacy of THIO 180 mg per cycle (60 mg on Days 1-3, sequenced with cemiplimab) when administered as third-line treatment in subjects with advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

Intervention Type: DRUG

small molecule telomere targeting agent

Cemiplimab

Intervention Type: DRUG

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor

Interventions

6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine

small molecule telomere targeting agent

Intervention Type: DRUG

Cemiplimab

programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

6-thio-dG; THIO; LIBTAYO®

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. At least 18 years of age at the time of signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF) prior to initiation of any study specific activities/procedures.

Type of Subject and Disease Characteristics

2. Stage 3 or 4 histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC which has progressed or relapsed after treatment in the advanced setting

○ Stage 4 subjects: Part A and Part B: must have progressed or relapsed after first line treatment. Part C and Part D: must have progressed, discontinued due to toxicity, or relapsed after receiving (only) two prior lines of treatment for NSCLC in the advanced setting.

○ Stage 3 subjects - must have already failed, or be ineligible for, local, curative-intent therapy including surgery, and/or chemoradiation. Stage 3 subjects with documented relapse/progression after consolidation therapy with durvalumab following definitive chemoradiotherapy are eligible.

3. Subjects must have secondary resistance to the prior ICI, as defined by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Immunotherapy Resistance Task Force (IRTF) (Kluger 2020):

Resistance phenotype Drug exposure requirements Best response Confirmation scan for PD requirement Confirmation scan timeframe Secondary resistance ≥ 6 months CR, PR, SD for > 6 months Yes [1] At least 4 weeks after disease progression (per RECIST V1.1) Other than when tumor growth is very rapid, and subjects are deteriorating clinically.

Abbreviations: CR=complete response; PD=progressive disease; PR=partial response; SD=stable disease Note: Subjects with drug exposure > 6 weeks who achieved a PR or CR then progressed before 6 months, would still be eligible.

4. Part A and Part B: Only one prior treatment for NSCLC in the advanced setting, which must have included one anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent with documented radiographic disease progression on or after treatment.

• Prior treatment may have been with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent either alone or in combination with a non-anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment (e.g., chemotherapy)
• Prior platinum-based chemotherapy is not required for eligibility.
• Subjects receiving more than one ICI in the advanced setting (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 compounds) will not be eligible.

Part C and Part D: Only two prior treatments for NSCLC in the advanced setting, which must have included an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent, a platinum-based chemotherapy, and docetaxel, regardless of order or combination, with documented radiographic disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or relapse after treatment.

○ Combination of immune therapy is allowed (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 compounds; anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain (TIGIT)-based immunotherapy).

5. No prior targeted therapy for driver mutations.

6. At least one measurable target lesion that meets the definition of RECIST v1.1.

7. Part A and Part B: An archival tissue sample (formalin fixed paraffin-embedded [FFPE] tissue block or unstained slides) is required if tissue is available at baseline. Sample does not need to be received by central lab prior to Cycle 1, Day 1 (C1D1). Subjects without archival tissue available at baseline may be eligible with Medical Monitor approval.

Part C and Part D: Archival tissue is not required. Diagnostic Assessments

8. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.

9. Demonstrate adequate organ function as defined below. All screening laboratories should be performed up to 14 days before initiating IP:

Bone marrow function:

○ Neutrophil count ≥ 1500/mm3, hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL, platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm3

Liver function:

• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), up to ≤ 3 × ULN due to Gilbert's syndrome
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 1.5 × ULN. For subjects with liver metastases present at baseline, ALT and/or AST ≤ 3 × ULN is permitted.

Renal function:

○ Creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula using actual body weight (see Table 15) or 24-hour urine collection.

Gender and Reproductive Considerations

10. Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have negative serum pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]) within 72 hours prior to receiving the first administration of IP.

11. Contraception use by men or women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies. Refer to Appendix 4, Section 10.4 for details and definitions of WOCBP, postmenopausal females and contraception guidance.

12. WOCBP must agree to use a highly effective birth control and refrain from oocyte donation during the study (prior to the first dose with THIO, for the duration of the treatment with THIO plus 6 months after last dose of IP), if conception is possible during this interval.

13. Male subjects and WOCBP partners of male subjects should use a combination of the methods specified in Section 10.4 for the women along with a male condom from first dose of THIO (Cycle 1, Day 1), for the duration of the treatment with THIO plus 6 months after last dose of IP, unless permanently sterile by bilateral orchidectomy. Male subjects should also refrain from sperm donation during this time.

Informed Consent

14. Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the ICF and in this protocol

Exclusion Criteria

1. Have not recovered from adverse events (must be Grade ≤ 1) due to prior anti-cancer treatment.

2. Untreated or symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Note: subjects with treated asymptomatic brain metastasis are eligible.

3. Active gastrointestinal bleeding as evidenced by either hematemesis or melena.

4. History of another concurrent malignancy other than the present condition (except nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix), unless in complete remission and off all therapy for that disease for a minimum of 3 years.

5. A condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration. Inhaled or topical steroids, adrenal replacement doses 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents, and systemic corticosteroids to manage adverse events (AEs) are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.

6. Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, requiring systemic therapy within 2 weeks of screening.

7. Positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies), active hepatitis B or hepatitis C.

8. Significant cardiovascular impairment (history of New York Heart Association Functional Classification System Class III or IV) or a history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the past 6 months prior to IP initiation.

a) QTcF > 480 msec at screening (based on average of triplicate ECGs at baseline).

i. If the QTc is prolonged in a subject with a pacemaker or bundle branch block, the subject may be enrolled in the study if confirmed by the Medical Monitor.

9. Ongoing immune-related/stimulated adverse events (irAEs) from other agents or required permanent discontinuation of prior ICIs due to irAEs. Subjects with resolved irAE may be allowed to enroll following consultation with Sponsor's Medical Monitor (or designee).

10. Active autoimmune diseases or history of autoimmune diseases that may relapse, with the following exceptions:

• Controlled type 1 diabetes;
• Hypothyroidism (provided it is managed with hormone replacement therapy only);
• Controlled celiac disease;
• Skin diseases not requiring systemic treatment (e.g., vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia);
• Any other disease that is not expected to recur in the absence of external triggering factors.

11. Pregnancy or lactating.

12. A serious nonmalignant disease (e.g., psychiatric, substance abuse, uncontrolled intercurrent illness, etc.) that could compromise protocol objectives in the opinion of the investigator and/or the Sponsor.

13. Any other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prohibit the subject from participating in the study.

Prior Therapy

14. Part C and Part D: more than two prior systemic treatments for advanced disease.

15. Prior chemotherapy and/or non-biologic targeted therapy within 4 weeks, or biologic targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiation therapy within 6 weeks prior to Cycle 1 Day 1. Subjects who receive targeted radiation therapy for localized palliative care may be eligible to start treatment < 6 weeks with Medical Monitor agreement.

16. Part A and Part B: Prior treatment with cemiplimab. Note: Part C and Part D: prior cemiplimab is permitted.

17. For subjects who have received prior treatment with an ICI: primary resistance to prior ICI therapy, as defined by the SITC IRTF (Kluger 2020):

Resistance phenotype Drug exposure requirements Best response Confirmation scan for PD requirement Confirmation scan timeframe Primary resistance ≥ 6 weeks PD; SD for < 6 months Yes [1] At least 4 weeks after initial disease progression (per RECIST v1.1) [1] Other than when tumor growth is very rapid, and subjects are deteriorating clinically.

Abbreviations: CR=complete response; PD=progressive disease; PR=partial response; SD=stable disease Note: Subjects with drug exposure > 6 weeks who achieved a partial or complete response then progressed before six months, would still be eligible.

18. Undergone major surgery within 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1.

19. Received blood, red blood cell or platelet transfusion within 2 weeks before the first dose of IP.

20. Any live, attenuated, inactivated or research vaccines within 30 days prior to the first dose of IP. Refer to Section 6.9.1 for prohibited vaccines. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed.

21. Prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant or solid organ transplant. Prior/Concurrent Clinical Study Experience

22. Currently enrolled in a clinical study involving another IP or nonapproved use of a drug or device, or concurrently enrolled in any other type of medical research judged not to be scientifically or medically compatible with this study.

Other

23. History of allergy to excipients of THIO or cemiplimab.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Maia Biotechnology

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Victor Zaporojan, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Maia Biotechnology

Locations

Sunshine Coast Haematology and Oncology Clinic

Buderim, Queensland, Australia

Site Status: SUSPENDED

Cancer Research SA

Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Site Status: SUSPENDED

St. Vincent Hospital Melbourne

Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia

Site Status: SUSPENDED

MHAT "HEART AND BRAIN" EAD Clinic of Medical Oncology

Pleven, , Bulgaria

Site Status: SUSPENDED

MC Synexus Sofia EOOD

Sofia, , Bulgaria

Site Status: SUSPENDED

MHAT "Serdika" EOOD

Sofia, , Bulgaria

Site Status: SUSPENDED

UMHAT "Sofiamed"

Sofia, , Bulgaria

Site Status: SUSPENDED

Semmelweis Egyetem Pulmonologiai Klinika

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Orszagos Onkologiai Intezet

Budapest, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Debreceni Egyetem Klinikai Kozpont, Tudogyogyaszati Klinika

Debrecen, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Bács-Kiskun Megyei Oktatókórház, Onkoradiológiai Központ

Kecskemét, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Mátrai Gyógyintézet

Mátraháza, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Hetenyi Geza Korhaz, Onkologiai Kozpont

Szolnok, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Tüdőgyógyintézet Törökbálint, Onkológiai Osztályc

Törökbálint, , Hungary

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

NZOZ FORMED 2 Sp. z o.o.

Oświęcim, Oswiecim, Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Centrum Onkologii im. prof. F. Lukaszczyka

Bydgoszcz, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Krakowski Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Jana Pawla II Oddzial Onkologii z Pododdzialem Diagnostyki Nowotworow Klatki Piersiowej

Krakow, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Centrum Terapii Współczesnej J. M. Jasnorzewska

Lodz, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

NeuroMed

Lublin, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Med Polonia Sp z o.o.

Poznan, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Centrum Medyczne Mrukmed

Rzeszów, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Centrum Medyczne Pratia

Skorzewo, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Wojewodzki Szpital Zespolony im. L. Rydygiera w Toruniu, Oddzial Chemioterapii Nowotworow

Torun, , Poland

Site Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Taipei, Beitou District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital - Linko

Taoyuan, Guishan District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Tri-Service General Hospital

Taipei, Neihu District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital

Kaohsiung City, Niaosong District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital

New Taipei City, Xindian Dist, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Taipei Medical University Hospital

Taipei, Xinyi District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

National Taiwan University Hospital

Taipei, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Liv Hospital Ankara, Medikal Onkoloji Bilim Dalı

Ankara, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status: RECRUITING

İstinye Üniversitesi Hastanesi Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Australia; Bulgaria; Hungary; Poland; Taiwan; Turkey (Türkiye)

Central Contacts

Mattew Failor

Role: CONTACT

MFailor@maiabiotech.com

+1 (312) 416-8592

Imy Chiu

Role: CONTACT

ichiu@maiabiotech.com

Facility Contacts

Role: primary

muller.veronika@med.semmelweis-univ.hu

Cheng-Hsia Yu

Role: primary

graceyu0422@gmail.com

02-2875-7496

Ya-Ping Chang

Role: primary

f1925192519@gmail.com

0919-977-034

Yi-Shiou Shiau

Role: backup

ifyn1011@hotmail.com

0972-383-490

Min-Hui Yang

Role: primary

minhui@mail.ndmctsgh.edu.tw

8792-3311#17755, 75000

Jia Yi Lee

Role: primary

jialee@zuelligpharma.com

0972-223-086

Hui-Li Huang

Role: primary

huili0505@yahoo.com.tw

02-6628-9779#8119

Chu-Chun Wang

Role: primary

judewang1218@gmail.com

02-2737-2181 #3577

Chih-Chun Shih

Role: primary

chihchuns@gmail.com

0965-013-297

Emine Ozturk

Role: primary

emine.ozturk@medex-smo.com

+90 (539) 484 59 21

Elif Cansu Abay

Role: primary

elifcansu.abay@medisol-cro.com

+90 541 962 68 98

Other Identifiers

2023-504595-26-00

Identifier Type: CTIS

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2021-005136-34

Identifier Type: EUDRACT_NUMBER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

THIO-101

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id