Distal Radius Interventions for Fracture Treatment

NCT ID: NCT05131685

Last Updated: 2025-06-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

334 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-04-09

Study Completion Date

2028-08-31

Brief Summary

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This protocol describes a multicenter, prospective randomized superiority trial comparing functional outcomes between children treated with sedated reduction versus no formal reduction.

Detailed Description

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INTRODUCTION

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) make up 20-25% of all pediatric fractures (Brudvik 2003, Cooper 2004), and are the most common fractures seen in the emergency department in children in the United States. (Naranje 2016)

The available evidence on distal radius fracture (DRF) reduction/non-reduction is based on case series, observational comparisons, and expert opinions. Displaced metaphyseal distal radius fracture (DRFs) have historically been treated with attempts at closed reduction (under conscious sedation or anesthesia). This approach was supported by retrospective studies and consensus opinion that anatomical alignment was necessary for normal function.(Rockwood 2010 text, Bae 2012 JPO) Furthermore, it is unsettling for physicians and families to see bones overlapped on a radiograph when a straightening procedure can be completed in a straightforward fashion. However, simple immobilization without attempted reduction has recently been reported for management of DRFs in children under age 10.(Crawford 2012) This approach is conceptually supported by the fracture's proximity to the distal radial physis and the remaining growth of the child, which provides significant remodeling potential and can allow for improvement of malalignment as the child grows.(Crawford 2010 JBJSAm, Price 1990 JPO) There is a paucity of literature comparing reduced to non-reduced fractures to guide management. No established or standardized guidelines exist for the optimal management of completely displaced fractures. Surveys have identified widely discrepant recommendations and high practice variation for treatments for identical DRF patterns.(Georgiadis 2019 POSNA or JPO 2020) Although these studies provide preliminary data to support clinical management, the studies lack a control population for comparison, are retrospective, lack randomization, have variable follow-up times and have no standard definitions of outcomes. In addition, the studies used radiographic or non-validated outcome measures to make conclusions, limiting their utility in identifying optimal management.

It appears that children may be undergoing unnecessary procedures, sedations, and anesthetics. The use of anesthesia and sedation has recently come into question as studies examine their effects on cognitive development. (Loepke 2013, Flick 2011) There could be a significant cost savings in terms of procedure costs, hospital costs, and lost time from work if non-procedure management is found to be a non-inferior treatment regimen. The physician investigators want to tell patients that they know why they are proposing treatments, the risks and benefits of the treatment, and use evidence to inform these recommendations and the family's decisions. The proposed trial will compare the effectiveness of alignment under sedation/anesthesia with simple immobilization for management of displaced DRFs in children, providing critical data regarding optimal management of this common fracture. Therefore, this study's primary question is: does anatomic reduction under sedation/anesthesia of DRF result in improved patient outcomes at six months compared to immobilization without attempted reduction?

Multiple reasons exist for comparing these treatment strategies for DRF, including: 1) these are the most common treatments for DRF, 2) the strategies are widely divergent (operative vs. non-operative), and 3) there is a large potential to change clinical practice.

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL

Quality control (QC) procedures will be implemented beginning with the data entry system and data QC checks that will be run on the database will be generated. Any missing data or data anomalies will be communicated to the site(s) for clarification/resolution.

Following written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), the monitors will verify that the clinical trial is conducted and data are generated and biological specimens are collected, documented (recorded), and reported in compliance with the protocol, International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP), and applicable regulatory requirements (e.g., Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)).

The investigational site will provide direct access to all trial related sites, source data/documents, and reports for the purpose of monitoring and auditing by the sponsor, and inspection by local and regulatory authorities.

For specific details regarding quality assurance and quality control, please see the data management plan.

DATA HANDLING AND RECORD KEEPING

DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES

Data collection is the responsibility of the clinical trial staff at the site under the supervision of the site investigator. The investigator is responsible for ensuring the accuracy, completeness, legibility, and timeliness of the data reported.

Clinical data and patient reported outcomes will be entered into REDCap, a 21 CFR Part 11-compliant data capture system provided by the DCRI. The data system includes password protection and internal quality checks, such as automatic range checks, to identify data that appear inconsistent, incomplete, or inaccurate. Clinical data will be entered directly from the source documents.

SAFETY OVERSIGHT

Safety oversight will be under the direction of a Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) composed of individuals with the appropriate expertise and knowledge of pediatric orthopaedic surgery usually obtained via an accredited pediatric orthopaedic fellowship. Members of the DSMB should be independent from the study conduct and free of conflict of interest, or measures should be in place to minimize perceived conflict of interest. The DSMB will meet at least semiannually to assess safety data on each arm of the study. The DMSB will operate under the rules of an approved charter that will be written and reviewed at the organizational meeting of the DSMB. At this time, each data element that the DSMB needs to assess will be clearly defined. The DSMB will provide its input to NIAMS.

Statistical Hypotheses:

• Primary Efficacy Endpoint(s):

The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in PROMIS UE (CAT) at 1 year between arms. The alternative hypothesis is that there is a difference between arms.

SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

Sample size calculations were based on detecting a clinically meaningful difference in the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper extremity computer adaptive test (CAT) of 4 points. PROMIS measures use a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10 in a reference population. A sample size of 133 per am, assuming a two-sided type I error rate of 0.05, will provide 90% power to detect a difference between arms of 4 points.

To conservatively account for 20% lost-to-follow-up or missing data on the primary outcome at 12 months, the investigators have inflated the sample size to 167 per arm, for a total target enrollment of 334.

A blinded sample size re-estimation based on the standard deviation of the primary outcome, after 100 participants have completed the 6 month follow-up, will be performed.

GENERAL APPROACH

Note: Statistical Analyses are described in depth in the Statistical Analysis Plan.

Descriptive statistics will summarize all baseline variables by arm. Specifically, continuous variables will be summarized using mean and standard deviation, for normally distributed variables, and median and IQR, for non-normally distributed variables. Categorical variables will be summarized with frequency and percentages. There will be no formal hypothesis testing for comparison of baseline characteristics between treatment arms.

Primary analyses of the primary outcome at 1 year will be assessed with a two-sided type I error rate of 0.05 for a MCID of 4 points. A false discovery rate (FDR) correction will be applied to analyses of all secondary outcomes to account for multiplicity.

ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY EFFICACY ENDPOINT(S)

Analysis for the primary aim will utilize a mixed effect model for the primary outcome, PROMIS Upper Extremity Function at 12 months, with a fixed effect for treatment arm and a random effect for site. Fixed effects will also include all variables considered in the randomization (site, sex, age), to control for imbalances in both the design and analysis. Incorporation of a random center effect will allow for separation of between site and within site variance components. Distributional assumptions will be assessed and transformations or inclusions of higher order terms may be considered, as appropriate.

ANALYSIS OF THE SECONDARY ENDPOINT(S)

Secondary analyses will employ similar methods for all secondary continuous outcomes. A generalized linear mixed effect model with Poisson distribution and log link will be used for the secondary count outcome, number of revisions, refractures, re-reductions, and reoperations. Distributional assumptions will be assessed, and a dichotomous version may be used instead if appropriate (any revisions, refractures, reductions, and reoperations vs never). Descriptive statistics will be used summarize satisfaction survey by treatment arm. Simple non-parametric test statistics or chi-squared test statistics may be used to compare ordinal and binary variables, respectively.

Exploratory analyses may also consider trajectories of the primary outcome measured over time. Fixed effects for baseline PROMIS Upper Extremity Function, time, treatment arm, and the interaction will be included in a linear mixed effect model with random patient nested in center effects.

A False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction will be applied to all secondary analyses to account for multiplicity.

Conditions

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Fracture Distal Radius

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Non-sedated Immobilization

Immobilization in a cast without reduction

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Immobilization

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

immobilization in cast without reduction

Formal Reduction

closed reduction under conscious sedation followed by casting

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Reduction

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

closed reduction under conscious sedation followed by casting

Interventions

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Reduction

closed reduction under conscious sedation followed by casting

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Immobilization

immobilization in cast without reduction

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form by parent or legal guardian
2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
3. Male or female, aged 4-10 years
4. Diagnosis of 100% dorsally displaced radius metaphyseal fracture with any or no ulna involvement
5. Fracture is less than 5cm from the distal radial growth plate
6. Willing to adhere to the immobilization regimen
7. Fracture is acute (occurred less than 10 days prior to consent and assignment of treatment arm AND with ability to be taken to operating room (OR) or reduced in the emergency department (ED)

Exclusion Criteria

1. Physeal involvement of fracture
2. Presence of open fracture, pathologic fracture, neuromuscular disease, or metabolic disease
3. Fracture cannot be treated with acute reduction due to being older than 10 days
4. Patient and parents are unable to adhere to procedures or complete follow-up due to insufficient comprehension of consent form or surveys or developmental delay.
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

10 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Joseph Janicki

Attending Surgeon

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jospeh Janicki, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Locations

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Phoenix Children's Hospital

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of California- Los Angeles Medical Center

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nemours Children's Hospital

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Niklaus Children's Hospital

Miami, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Riley Children's Hospital

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Riley Children's

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Boston Children's Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

TRIA Health Partners

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare

Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University Hospital- Rutgers

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of New Mexico - Carrie Tingley

Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

New York University-Langone Health

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital of Special Surgery

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Rochester Medical Center

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Montefiore Medical Center

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Cincinnati's Children's Hospital

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

The Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Canada, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States Canada

Central Contacts

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Jamie Burgess, PhD

Role: CONTACT

312-227-6531

Candace Young, MS

Role: CONTACT

(312) 227-6427

Facility Contacts

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Kajol Majhail

Role: primary

(602) 933- 2712

Sam Wimmer

Role: primary

Johnathan You

Role: primary

Susan Dubowy, PA-C

Role: primary

Stephanie Uriguen

Role: primary

Molly Moore

Role: primary

Molly Moore

Role: primary

Gabrielle Reichard

Role: primary

Maya Fajardo

Role: primary

Mairead Vanni

Role: primary

Jamie Price

Role: primary

(651) 325-2315

Sandra Powe

Role: primary

Charlene Wetterstrand

Role: primary

Leorrie Watson

Role: primary

Micaela Tomaro

Role: primary

Pari Palandjian

Role: primary

Ashley Owens

Role: primary

Leila Alvandi

Role: primary

Malvika Choudhari

Role: primary

(919) 966-9718

Karen Brtko

Role: primary

Abigail Schlosser, RN BSN

Role: primary

Zewdi Cass

Role: primary

Divya Talwar

Role: primary

Chinelo Onubogu

Role: primary

Justine Kasay

Role: primary

Saroar Zubair

Role: primary

References

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Balmert Bonner L, Janicki J, Georgiadis A, Truong W, Harris Beauvais D, Belthur M, Daley EL, Franzone J, Howard A, May C, Rockhold F, Schulz J, Bailey M, Chiswell K, DeLaRosa J, Brooks JT, Cantanzano AA, Chan A, Chu A, Dodwell ER, El-Hawary R, Ellis H, Fitzgerald R, Frick S, Ganley TJ, Gargiulo D, Gauthier L, Gill CS, Goldstein R, Halsey MF, Hardesty C, Ho C, Kaushal N, Lawrence JT, Lee RJ, Leitch KK, Masrouha K, Mitchell S, OMalley N, Payares-Lizano M, Perry D, Ramalingam W, Rhodes J, Sanders J, Shah AS, Sharkey M, Silva M, Silva S, Thompson R, Vorhies J, Wright JG, Young C, Burgess J; IMPACCT Consortium. Distal Radius Interventions for Fracture Treatment (DRIFT) trial: study protocol for a multicentre randomised clinical trial of completely translated distal radius fractures at paediatric hospitals in North America. BMJ Open. 2025 Oct 29;15(10):e088273. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088273.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 41161832 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1U01AR079113

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

2021-4883

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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