Targeting High Risk Populations With Enhanced Reactive Focal Mass Drug Administration in Thailand

NCT ID: NCT05052502

Last Updated: 2022-04-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

49118 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-11-01

Study Completion Date

2022-03-31

Brief Summary

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This study assesses the effectiveness of reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA), targeting both village and forest working populations, compared to control for reducing the health promotion hospital-level (sub-district) incidence and prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax within five provinces in Thailand.

Detailed Description

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Thailand currently has a well-developed and robust surveillance system based on detailed mapping of all cases to the village foci level and stratification of response. In fiscal year 2019, 5,833 cases of malaria were reported with 83.0% P. vivax and 12.9% P. falciparum; nine deaths were reported. This represents a 20.8% decrease in total cases from fiscal year 2018. Currently, there are 701 "A1" villages in 44 provinces.

The research proposed here will evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of enhanced reactive focal mass drug administration, results of which will have direct implications for continued roll out the community-led foci management, providing practical guidance that other malaria programs can utilize. Responding to the malaria among high risk populations is a requirement from the National Malaria Elimination Strategy in Thailand. Additionally, Thailand has experienced outbreaks related to forest work over the past several years, and consequently the Department of Vector Borne Disease (DVBD) is interested in introducing more aggressive parasite elimination strategies, including rfMDA for P. falciparum and P. vivax specifically targeting high-risk populations to interrupt transmission and rapidly accelerate elimination.

Conditions

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Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Plasmodium Vivax Malaria

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

SCREENING

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA)

Reactive FMDA (rfMDA) led by VMVs in response to cases in study area sub-district, in both villages and forest workers; quantitative G6PD testing for all individuals and 14-day PQ for G6PD non-deficient.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Case Management and Follow-up

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals will be told of their test result and a positive test result on either RDT will prompt treatment as per the national treatment guidelines.

* Individuals with P. falciparum infection will be treated with an age-appropriate course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHAP) or artesunate-pyronaridine (Pyramax) and PQ.
* At all study sites in Thailand, patients with a P. vivax infection identified by the standard combination RDT will be tested by the VMV and Health Promotion Hospital (HPH) staff member using the quantitative G6PD RDT. G6PD normal individuals will be treated with Chloroquine (CQ) and a 14-day course of primaquine (PQ). G6PD deficient individuals will receive CQ alone and referred to the nearest health facility for further primaquine management decisions.

Reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA)

Intervention Type OTHER

Reactive focal mass administration (rfMDA) will be implemented around the index case household and to forest co-workers/co-travelers in Thailand. The VMV will conduct the investigation visit within 7 days after the notification of the index case. All members of the index case's household as well as all members of the nearest five households around the index case's household, including temporary visitors will be invited to participate in the study and to be treated for malaria without a malaria test. After obtaining participants' or parents/guardians' consent, the VMV will proceed with the participant questionnaire, and all consenting household members will be tested for G6PD using the G6PD quantitative test prior to administration of antimalarials.

For rfMDA, all eligible participants will be offered artesunate-mefloquine (AS-MQ). Per national policy, a 14-day course of primaquine will be administered to G6PD non-deficient study participants.

Control

Standard of care including case management through health facilities and malaria posts/VMVs; village-based RACD conducted by district staff in some areas.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Case Management and Follow-up

Intervention Type OTHER

Individuals will be told of their test result and a positive test result on either RDT will prompt treatment as per the national treatment guidelines.

* Individuals with P. falciparum infection will be treated with an age-appropriate course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHAP) or artesunate-pyronaridine (Pyramax) and PQ.
* At all study sites in Thailand, patients with a P. vivax infection identified by the standard combination RDT will be tested by the VMV and Health Promotion Hospital (HPH) staff member using the quantitative G6PD RDT. G6PD normal individuals will be treated with Chloroquine (CQ) and a 14-day course of primaquine (PQ). G6PD deficient individuals will receive CQ alone and referred to the nearest health facility for further primaquine management decisions.

Interventions

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Case Management and Follow-up

Individuals will be told of their test result and a positive test result on either RDT will prompt treatment as per the national treatment guidelines.

* Individuals with P. falciparum infection will be treated with an age-appropriate course of dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHAP) or artesunate-pyronaridine (Pyramax) and PQ.
* At all study sites in Thailand, patients with a P. vivax infection identified by the standard combination RDT will be tested by the VMV and Health Promotion Hospital (HPH) staff member using the quantitative G6PD RDT. G6PD normal individuals will be treated with Chloroquine (CQ) and a 14-day course of primaquine (PQ). G6PD deficient individuals will receive CQ alone and referred to the nearest health facility for further primaquine management decisions.

Intervention Type OTHER

Reactive focal mass drug administration (rfMDA)

Reactive focal mass administration (rfMDA) will be implemented around the index case household and to forest co-workers/co-travelers in Thailand. The VMV will conduct the investigation visit within 7 days after the notification of the index case. All members of the index case's household as well as all members of the nearest five households around the index case's household, including temporary visitors will be invited to participate in the study and to be treated for malaria without a malaria test. After obtaining participants' or parents/guardians' consent, the VMV will proceed with the participant questionnaire, and all consenting household members will be tested for G6PD using the G6PD quantitative test prior to administration of antimalarials.

For rfMDA, all eligible participants will be offered artesunate-mefloquine (AS-MQ). Per national policy, a 14-day course of primaquine will be administered to G6PD non-deficient study participants.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Index cases: Presented as a confirmed malaria case to an intervention health facility or village malaria worker, and lives in a village within a selected intervention subdistrict, or worked or spent at least one night at a forest or forest-fringe site in the past 30 days located within an intervention subdistrict
* Village residents: Lives in a village within a selected intervention subdistrict area and in one of the five households closest to the residence of an index case of malaria
* Co-worker/traveler referral: Worked or traveled and spent at least one night in forest in past 30 days in same location within an intervention subdistrict as an index case of malaria
* All participants: Willing and available to participate in the study and informed consent for participant under the age of 18 will be provided by the parent or guardian. Participants for focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs); 18 years of age or older

Exclusion Criteria

• For rfMDA:

* Previous participation in the study as a result of any rfMDA event in the past 30 days
* Individuals with severe disease or drug contra-indications will be excluded from the treatment component only
* Artesunate-Mefloquine: Pregnancy in the first trimester, or known drug allergy
* Use of Mefloquine within 60 days of first treatment prior to enrollment date.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Center for Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Massachusetts, Amherst

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, San Francisco

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Adam Bennett, MA, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Francisco

Cheewanan Lertpiriyasuwat, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ministry of Health, Thailand

Locations

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Division of Vector Born Diseases, Ministry of Health

Bangkok, , Thailand

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Thailand

Central Contacts

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Adam Bennett, MA, PhD

Role: CONTACT

1-415-476-5590

Facility Contacts

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Prayuth Sudathip, DrPH

Role: primary

02-590-3106-7

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND

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Other Identifiers

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19-04062020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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