Use of Tranexamic Acid in Reduction Mammoplasty

NCT ID: NCT04947514

Last Updated: 2023-04-10

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

98 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-10-29

Study Completion Date

2022-07-13

Brief Summary

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Breast reduction mammoplasty (BRM) is among the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery. However, postoperative hematoma is one of the most common complications following BRM. Hematoma-related complications include unplanned surgery, need for blood transfusion, wound healing issues, and unfavorable surgical outcomes.

Tranexamic acid has emerged in the literature as a promising agent that reduces perioperative blood loss and need for transfusion. However, despite its consistently reported efficacy, low cost, and favorable safety profile, tranexamic acid remains underutilized in plastic surgery.

The investigators propose a prospective, double-blinded randomized controlled study of the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing hematoma development in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. The investigators hope to contribute to the growing body of literature supporting tranexamic acid to reduce unwanted surgical bleeding.

Detailed Description

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Prevention of perioperative blood loss is a chief consideration in plastic surgery. Breast reduction mammoplasty (BRM) is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery, with over 100,000 performed in the United States in 2019 alone. Postoperative hematomas are among the most frequent complications following BRM, with a reported incidence between 0.3-7% in the literature. Many of these hematomas require blood transfusions and/or urgent surgical evacuation to avoid the consequent wound healing issues arising from increased tension on the closure.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has emerged in the literature as a promising agent that reduces perioperative blood loss and need for transfusion. TXA is an antifibrinolytic agent that acts by stabilizing clot formation, and may be administered intravenously, orally, or topically. Topical administration of TXA has been shown to be as efficacious as intravenous dosing, though with substantially less systemic absorption. Multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that TXA significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding and need for subsequent blood transfusion, without an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Moreover, TXA has been shown to be cost-effective in the surgical setting, not only by reducing direct hospital costs (drug and blood products), but also by decreasing subsequent costs by shortening length of stay and lowering the incidence of complications. However, the use of TXA in plastic surgery has not been well described.

The investigators propose a prospective, double-blinded randomized controlled study of the efficacy of TXA in patients undergoing BRM. The primary outcome variable will be the rate of hematoma development. The secondary outcome variables will be the incidence of blood transfusion and the incidence of thromboembolic events. The investigators will also collect a broad range of preoperative variables, surgical details, and other characteristics that may impact the perioperative bleeding risk. All patients eligible for reduction mammoplasty between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022 will be included in this study. The investigators hypothesize that use of TXA will decrease total perioperative blood loss, hematoma formation, and transfusion rates following reduction mammoplasty without increasing the incidence of thromboembolic events. Better understanding of the effect of TXA in reduction mammoplasty may be of great utility to the field of plastic surgery.

Conditions

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Hematoma Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Each patient undergoing routine bilateral breast reduction randomized to receive the study drug in either the right or left breast
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Caregivers
The patient and the surgical team will be blinded to which breast has received the study drug

Study Groups

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Treatment Side (Right or Left)

Each patient undergoing routine bilateral breast reduction will be randomized to receive the study drug (topical tranexamic acid) either to the right or left breast at the conclusion of the operation, prior to closure of the incisions. The other breast will receive topical saline.

Group Type OTHER

Tranexamic acid

Intervention Type DRUG

Topical tranexamic acid (1000mg) will be administered to the raw surface of the breast prior to closure of the incisions.

Non-Treatment Side (Right or Left)

Each patient undergoing routine bilateral breast reduction will be randomized to receive the study drug (topical tranexamic acid) either to the right or left breast at the conclusion of the operation, prior to closure of the incisions. The other breast will receive topical saline.

Group Type OTHER

Placebo (topical saline)

Intervention Type OTHER

The untreated breast will receive topical saline.

Interventions

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Tranexamic acid

Topical tranexamic acid (1000mg) will be administered to the raw surface of the breast prior to closure of the incisions.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo (topical saline)

The untreated breast will receive topical saline.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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Cyklokapron

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Being over the age of 18
* Undergoing bilateral reduction mammoplasty at the Hutchinson Metro Center of Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York

Exclusion Criteria

* Oncologic breast reduction
* Unilateral breast reduction
* History of thromboembolic disease
* History of bleeding diatheses
* History of stroke
* History of seizure disorder
* Currently pregnant
* Severe comorbidity (defined as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) fitness grade IV or above)
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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The Plastic Surgery Foundation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Montefiore Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Joseph A Ricci, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine

Locations

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Montefiore Medical Center Hutchinson Metro Center Campus

The Bronx, New York, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Kaoutzanis C, Winocour J, Gupta V, Ganesh Kumar N, Sarosiek K, Wormer B, Tokin C, Grotting JC, Higdon KK. Incidence and Risk Factors for Major Hematomas in Aesthetic Surgery: Analysis of 129,007 Patients. Aesthet Surg J. 2017 Oct 16;37(10):1175-1185. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjx062.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28398469 (View on PubMed)

Brown S, Yao A, Taub PJ. Antifibrinolytic Agents in Plastic Surgery: Current Practices and Future Directions. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jun;141(6):937e-949e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004421.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29794717 (View on PubMed)

Dadure C, Sauter M, Bringuier S, Bigorre M, Raux O, Rochette A, Canaud N, Capdevila X. Intraoperative tranexamic acid reduces blood transfusion in children undergoing craniosynostosis surgery: a randomized double-blind study. Anesthesiology. 2011 Apr;114(4):856-61. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318210f9e3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21358317 (View on PubMed)

Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, Fergusson DA, Ker K. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19;(1):CD001886. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001886.pub3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21249650 (View on PubMed)

Guerriero C, Cairns J, Perel P, Shakur H, Roberts I; CRASH 2 trial collaborators. Cost-effectiveness analysis of administering tranexamic acid to bleeding trauma patients using evidence from the CRASH-2 trial. PLoS One. 2011 May 3;6(5):e18987. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018987.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21559279 (View on PubMed)

Rohrich RJ, Cho MJ. The Role of Tranexamic Acid in Plastic Surgery: Review and Technical Considerations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Feb;141(2):507-515. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003926.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28938364 (View on PubMed)

Weissler JM, Banuelos J, Jacobson SR, Manrique OJ, Nguyen MT, Harless CA, Tran NV, Martinez-Jorge J. Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction Safely Reduces Hematoma without Thromboembolic Events. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Aug;146(2):238-245. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006967.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32740567 (View on PubMed)

Ausen K, Fossmark R, Spigset O, Pleym H. Randomized clinical trial of topical tranexamic acid after reduction mammoplasty. Br J Surg. 2015 Oct;102(11):1348-53. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9878.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26349843 (View on PubMed)

Rubio GA, Zoghbi Y, Karcutskie CA, Thaller SR. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in bilateral breast reduction surgery: An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017 Nov;70(11):1514-1519. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.05.050. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28655514 (View on PubMed)

Xie J, Hu Q, Huang Q, Ma J, Lei Y, Pei F. Comparison of intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: An updated meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2017 May;153:28-36. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.03.009. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28319822 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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2021-13090

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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